What Is the Inductive Effect Definition and Examples

The inductive effect and resonance both relate to the distribution of electrons in a chemical bond, but are two different and distinct bonding processes. The Inductive Effect The inductive effect, sometimes written as the -I Effect in literature, is the distance-dependent phenomenon by which the charge of a chemical bond affects orientation on adjacent bonds in a molecule, producing a permanent state of polarization. How It Works The electron density of a ÏÆ' bond is not uniform when atoms of two different elements participate in the bond. Electron clouds in a bond tend to orient themselves toward the more electronegative atom involved in the bond. The inductive effect occurs in water molecules. The chemical bonds within a water molecule are more positively charged near the hydrogen atoms and more negatively charged near the oxygen atom. Thus, water molecules are polar. Note, however, the induced charge is weak and the inductive effect is only active across short distances, so other factors can quickly overcome it. Inductive Effect and Acidity and Basicity The inductive effect affects the stability as well as acidity or basicity of a chemical species. Electronegative atoms draw electrons toward themselves, which can stabilize a conjugate base. Groups that have -I effect on a molecule decrease its electron density, making the molecule electron deficient and more acidic. Resonance Resonance is the bonding of multiple Lewis structures within a molecule as a result of a double bond formed with equal probability between different atoms. For example, ozone (O3) has resonance forms. One might wonder whether the bond formed between one oxygen atom might be a different length from another since single bonds are usually weaker/longer than double bonds. In reality, each bond is the same length and strength because resonance forms (drawn on paper) dont represent whats really going on within the molecule -- it doesnt have a double bond and a single bond. Rather, the electrons are distributed evenly across the atoms, forming intermediate bonds between single and double bonds.

Ethical Issue Of Digital Piracy Essay - 1616 Words

Ethical Issue of Digital Piracy in China I. Introduction Digital piracy, which also known as one type of the copyright infringement, is the activity of illegal copying selling digital materials, such as software, music, movies and e-book files. Based on a common sense of intellectual property protection, digital piracy has restricted the development of digital industry and harmed the benefits of intellectual property owner. Therefore, as the strengthened awareness of consumer and the enhanced regulation of country’s legal system, to protect the intellectual property rights becomes an important issue over the world. As having the most population in the world, China is well known as â€Å"world factory†. Nothing you can’t find there, but only the one you can’t imagine. It is the paradise of consumer products in various levels from high-end to cheap pirated products. According to the data of US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), China accounted for 62% or $124.7 million of the total domestic value in pirated goods traced in 2011(Eileen, 2011), which is also ranked the first one in the world. Particularly, digital pirated goods takes a great proportion. In recent years, Chinese government gradually realized the negative influence that the circulation of pirated products brings up. However, the whole market includes a major industry and millions of consumers. It is not easy to control and even end it up. Therefore, this paper wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Arguments For And Against Software Piracy And Downloading Copyrighted Material1 445 Words   |  6 PagesThe Arguments For and Against Software Piracy and Downloading Copyrighted Material. 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Software privacy is reported to cost the film industry an estimated $58 billion per year in the United States alone (Ma et al, 2011.). Sony is a Japanese multinational corporation, with business in a variety of areas including; consumer and professional electronicsRead MoreEthical Computing: Copying Music or Software from Another Person or over the Internet1338 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Computing: Determining the Ethicacy of Copying Music or Software From Another Person or over the Internet Introduction The pervasive nature of the Internet has made the copying of music and software exceptionally easy, fast and for the most part, undetectable. The ubiquity of the Internet and the speed at which music and software can be copied is also changing the sociological and legal aspects of computing as well (De George, 2006). 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Turkey the U.S. free essay sample

Overview of evolution of Turkeys govt., society economy into the 1990s changing relations with U.S. based on conflicting regional alliances. U.S. relations with Turkey have recently been characterized as being threatened by changes in Ankara because Turkey is now headed by an Islamic Prime Minister intent on showing his independence from the United States. Turkey has become more enmeshed in the tensions in the Middle East. From the U.S. point of view, however, Turkey is a very important country. Turkey is a member of NATO and has shown an eagerness to join Europe. The Welfare party leader, Necmettin Erbakan, took office as Prime Minister in June 1996, and since that time the U.S. has worried that Turkey might shift from its traditional European orientation to seek new anti-American alliances with radical Muslim nations in the Middle East. One reason for this concern was the anti-NATO, anti-Israel rhetoric of Erbakan prior to his assuming office, though since that time he has adopted a more. We will write a custom essay sample on Turkey the U.S. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

Turning point in history free essay sample

In general, the citizens of that time felt negatively toward the idea of taxation. The farmers of western Pennsylvania, many of whom distilled whiskey and profited from its sale, proved outright hostile to the idea. In July of 1 794, a force of disaffected whiskey rebels attacked and destroyed the home of a tax inspector. The rebellion grew in numbers, if not in actions, and threatened to spread to other states. Hamilton knew that the presence of a large and potentially hostile force in Pennsylvania could not be tolerated.If the government were to survive, it would have to show itself capable of keeping control. Hamilton advocated the use of military force; President George Washington instead put Tate militias on the ready and sent in negotiators. When talks proved fruitless, Washington acquiesced to Hamiltonians view. A force of 13,000 militia troops, led by Hamilton and Virginia governor Henry Lee, marched into western Pennsylvania. By the time the federal force arrived, the rebellion had collapsed and most of the rebels had fled. We will write a custom essay sample on Turning point in history or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Two men were convicted of treason and later pardoned by Washington. Alexander Hamilton was elated. The fledgling federal government had proven it could keep order a necessity if the U. S. Was to avoid instability. But many, in particular Thomas Jefferson, thought that this resort to military force was a dangerous mistake. It convinced them that Hamilton was a dangerous man. Two-party system is a state in which just two parties dominate. Other parties might exist but they have no political importance.America has the most obvious two-party political system with the Republicans and Democrats dominating the political scene. For the system to work, one of the parties must obtain a sufficient working majority after an election and it must be in a position to be able to govern without the support from the other party. A rotation of power is expected in this system. The victory of George W Bush in the November 2000 election, fulfils this aspect of the definition. The two- party system presents the voter with a simple choice and it is believed that the system promotes political moderation as the incumbent party must be able to appeal to the floating voters within that country. Those who do not support the System claim that it leads to unnecessary policy reversals if a party loses a election as the newly elected government seeks to impose its mark on the country that has just elected it to power. Such sweeping reversals, it is claimed, cannot benefit the state in the short and long term.

External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses Essay Example

External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses Essay IPhone 4 Analysis – External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses According to the department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Australia (2008), it has a democratic and stable political environment. â€Å"Its government and regulatory institutions are reliable, transparent, impartial and internationally competitive—providing investors with a safe and secure business framework.† The Australian government supports foreign investment, and in 2007, it was ranked first in Global Corporate Governance (Government of Australia, 2008) The government of Australia further says that its economic strength continues to be stable. In 1997-2007, there was economic growth of 3.5 percent, which was well above other developed countries. They say that their economy is service based, with the service-based industries accounting for 70% of gross value. This is ideal for a smart phone service company. The environment of Australia is very conducive and less pollution of air and water. It has great recreational facilities, cost of living and its stable political and social life are very appealing (Government of Australia, 2008). Australian Automobile Association (2008) says that cars are minimizing pollution. The social environment of Australia has a population of approximately 21 million people (Government of Australia, 2008). Australia is a multilingual country with people speaking another language different from English. It is also culturally diverse, and there is a highly skilled workforce in the country (Government of Austra lia, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the government of Australia, the country has a sophisticated information and communication s technology. â€Å"A powerful combination of world-class information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure and high-level technological adaptability across all Australian industry sectors provides an excellent environment for investment.† (Government of Australia, 2008), and is ranked as the fourth country in using the internet. Australia was said to perform well in communication technology in 2008 as said by Economist Intelligence Unit data, regarding its e-readiness and had a score of 8.83 out of 10, which is ideal for smart phone industry (Government of Australia, 2008). Key Success Factors (KSF) In the smart phone industry, technology, marketing, skill and capability, and distributions are key success areas that a firm would consider in the market. According to AppsCore (n.d.) in Australia, companies use smart phone to be at contact with the customers. The companies are aware that smart phone can help keep contacts with the busy customers who are more technology oriented. The smart phones are used by these companies to market their services since they have the applications necessary for online marketing and sales. This shows that smart phones with good applications will be preferred. According to Arghire (2009), in Australia, according to a research firm, data-centric handsets overtook voice-centric devices. This shows that technological devices are more preferred (Paul Budde Communication, 2011) Marketing, on the hand is the use of several ways of meeting the needs of a customer, which include advertising, sales, public relations, customer services and satisfaction McNamara (n.d.). According to Joy (2011), a superior marketing strategy is seen as a key factor that led to success of Android as a world leader in smart phone industry. She says that Google’s tools of marketing and advertising, which aimed at expanding the users of Android, were successful. Neil (2009) states, â€Å"Advertising has also started playing a more important role, apart from the information†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The skills and capabilities of a smart phone are essential in this industry. According to Henty (2008), the increasing development of communication technology is reciprocated by the growing demand for it. The growth demand for data information, hardware, software and networks dictates that innovations and accessibility to these services is important to the users who use them in varied ways Henty (2008). The Smartphone industry can only meet this by innovations that have these capabilities. According to Cronin (2011), the smart phone has a capability of making things easier. He says that they are used to do tasks such as paying bills. According to Trylor (2009), a smart phone is considered mobile business partner that allows you do be in touch with clients, and should contain important capabilities for business such as email and security. The ability of a smart phone to meet these capabilities is key factors in this industry. Customers consider this consideration before buying one (Mo bile Phone Lover, 2011). Distribution of these items is very necessary to reach the customers. Joy (2011) says that, â€Å"†¦all major U.S. mobile operators have launched their own mobile networks Android powered Smartphone. This provides convenient conditions for users to choose Android phones.† These operators distribute the smart phones to their customers, unlike Apple, who distribute their smart phones on their own. This gives android a market advantage since its devices are marketed by several mobile operator firms. Digital news of Hunt360, (n. d.), supports this idea. Driving Forces (DF) identified from Macro-environment analysis Driving forces that mould the industry are several and firms in this industry have to consider them critically. One of them is the advancing demand for internet (The Anniston, n.d). Recently, according to Henty (2008), internet and communication technology is growing rapidly, since its uses are diversified. She says that it is hard for people to do research without it. Since the smart phones contain good internet services, their demand is increasing. The Anniston also says that a mew generation that is connected and accessing money and employment demands is another driving force in the industry. Many youths, who are the great users of internet, are accessing money. This increases the demand for smart phones. Increasing globalization and competition, and a fast-paced work culture due to internet and need to be available is another driving force for this industry. The low prices of manufacturing and distribution of the smart phones, making them available and affordable drives the indus try. The Anniston also says that the increased cellular coverage across the globe is a driving factor, since it increases the demand for cellular phone devices. Porter’s Forces Threat of Rivalry Rivalry in the smart phone industry is high due to the five major competitors being strong (The Anniston) This is a threat. Threat of supplier power The suppliers of smart phone processors are said to be few making them strong.(The Anniston) This is a threat to the Smartphone industry. Threat of substitution It is very weak since smart phones exist as substitute for laptops and other cellular devices. It tends to incorporate all (The Anniston) This is a good opportunity for Smartphone industry. Threat of buyer power It is moderate since customers do not have much choice and can only switch between brands (The Anniston) This makes it an opportunity for profit in the industry. Threat of new entrants New entrant’s threat is moderate. New entrants can only use single element of value chain, which is easier. There is opportunity for continued growth profit since new entrants are moderate. From the porter’s model, the Smartphone industry is only affected by two factors, which are strong influence on it. The forces are less fierce and this makes the industry attractive for profit (The Anniston). This analysis is used to analyze markets using the five factors (Hill, C. and Jones, G. 2009). References AppsCore. n.d. Are You Being Left Behind?. Retrieved from http://www.appscore.com.au/ Arghire, I. (2009) Smartphone Market Sees 29% Increase in Australia. Retrieved from http://news.softpedia.com/news/Smartphone-Market-Sees-29-Increase-in-Australia-124186.shtmlAustralian Automobile Association. (2008). Technology and the Environment. Retrieved from http://www.aaa.asn.au/issues/technology.htmAustralian Government. (2008). Investing in Australia. Retrieved from http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/investing_in_australia.htmlCarter, C., Clegg, S., Kornberger, M., Schweitzer, J. (2011). Strategy: Theory and Practice. Teller Road, CA: SAGE Publications Ltd.Digital news of Hunt360. n. d. Ten Factors Cause Android Success into the World’s Largest Smart Phone. Retrieved from http://www.hunt360.org/2011/02/top-ten-success-factors-into-the-worlds-largest-android-smart-phone-platform/Grant, R. (2005). Contemporary strategy analysis. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Henty, M. (2008) Developing the Capability and Skills to Support eResearch. Retrieved from http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/iss ue55/henty/Hill, C. Jones, G. (2009). Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. Florence, KY: Cengage Learning.Joy, L. (2011). Top Ten Factors Cause Android Success into the World’s Largest Smart Phone Platform. Retrieved from http://www.sooperarticles.com/news-society-articles/technology-news-articles/top-ten-factors-cause-android-success-into-worlds-largest-smart-phone-platform-368446.htmlLukac, D. (2008). Key success factors for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): the case of FDI in western Balkan. Hamburg, Germany: Diplomica Verlag.McLoughlin, D. Aaker, D. (2010). Strategic Market Management: Global Perspectives. Marblehead, MA: John Wiley and Sons.McNamara, C. n. d. All About Marketing. Retrieved from http://managementhelp.org/mrktng/mrktng.htmMobile Phone Lover. (2011) 10 Key Factors Determine a Top Smart Phone. Retrieved from http://www.getgek.com/mobile-phone/10-key-factors-determine-a-top-smart-phone.htmlNeil. (2009). Part II: Smartphones War: Smartphone OS the differentiating factor. Retieved from http://www.4gwirelessjobs.com/articles/article-detail.php?Part-II-Smartphones-War-Smartphone-OS-the-differentiating-factorArid=MTA2Auid=Njk=Papadopoulos, S. (2009). Key Success Factors in Internet Advertising. Saarbrucken, Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing.Paul Budde Communication. (2011). Australia – Mobile Communications – Handset Market. Retrieved from http://www.budde.com.au/Research/Australia-Mobile-Communications-Handset-Market.htmlPorter, M. (2008). On Competition: The Harvard business review book series. Florence, KY: Harvard Business Press.Simon, H. (2009). Hidden champions of the twenty-first century: success strategies of unknown world market leaders. Boston, MA: Springer.Traylor, P. (2009).10 ways to turn your mobile phone into an efficient business tool. Retrieved from http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/10things/10-ways-to-turn-your-mobile-phone-into-an-efficient-business-tool/909

Biography of Pink Floyd Essay

Biography of Pink Floyd Essay Free Online Research Papers Music is a large field made of many types each having a character and a color. Through it, the audience is selected and the taste is acquired. Music genre differs and new styles get born. Few pioneers somewhat reached perfection and become a legend in the genre they play, such as Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, Led Zeppelin, and Pink Floyd. Pink Floyd took psychedelic rock to a next level and became icons in their field. They lead flourishing years in the early ’60s and stayed on track despite the various problems they went through. Here is a glimpse of Pink Floyd’s stages from the early ’60s till present time. Before Pink Floyd came to life Roger Waters formed few bands which all ended in a way or another. The recruit of Bob Close and Syd Barret, they changed their name into the Pink Floyd sound. Later that year, bob close left the band. After that, the band recorded their first album â€Å"The Piper at The Gates of Down.† They recorded their first album in the studio where the Beatles were recording, so the band got to know the Beatles very well. During their production to the first album, Syd’s addictions to LSD (better known as acid) lead him to write amazing songs but in the meantime, his performance deteriorated. The band decided to replace Syd with David Gilmour, an old friend of Roger and Syd. During the coming concerts, David was recruited to cover for Syd on stage. If Syd makes a mistake, David would fill the gap and fix it. But the situation was too messed up to be corrected in this way, so the band decided to pick him up; â€Å"he was institutionalized for drug a buse in 1974.† The band continued playing without Syd in 1968 and that was going great in England but not in America. At that time, the band toured with Jimi Hendrix which helped it to increase its popularity. At the end of 1968, the band played a concert in France; they also played a rock opera on stage called â€Å"The Man and The Journey.† At the end of 1969, Pink Floyd released a double album called â€Å"Ummagumma†, the first disk consisted of live tracks and the second consisted of solo studio tracks. In the early ’70s, they released their newer album â€Å"Atom Heart Mother.† Joy Boyd, Pink Floyd’s executive producer, made a compilation album in 1971 of both released and unreleased material from Pink Floyds past and called it â€Å"Relics.† In that time pink Floyd issued their new album â€Å"Meddle† with another peculiar song called â€Å"Echoes† which is 23 minutes long. In 1971, they were asked to do another soundtrack for a movie. After going to Rome to visit one of the two cities destroyed by â€Å" Moun Vesuvius† 2000 years ago, they filmed a private concert and played the best of their material. They issued a video called â€Å"live at Pompeii†, which also included the video recording behind the album of their new work. When Pink Floyd was making â€Å"Obscured by Clouds† they wrote a 45 minutes opus of songs that they played live. This opus was called â€Å"Eclipse† and it concentrated on the society and how it isolates, controls and demolishes life. The initial name for the opus was supposed to be â€Å"Dark Side of the Moon† but the British blues band medicine head released an album the previous year of the same name. So they let the name go until they heard that the medicine album collapsed on Billboard charts, so they refurbished the name â€Å"Dark Side of the Moon† and also wrote an ending song for the opus which was called â€Å"Eclipse.† After that, they twisted their oeuvre into an album in 1973 called â€Å"Dark Side of the Moon.† (It was the second highest selling record in history). To continue the success of the album â€Å"Dark Side of the Moon† Pink Floyd issued the album â€Å"Wish You Were Here.† The album was devoted to original lyricist and guitar player Syd Barret. During that tour, they wrote another opus, but it was mostly instrumental this oeuvre turned to be â€Å"Shine on You Crazy Diamond.† This song was split into two parts because it didn’t fit on the cassette. After the accomplishment of the album â€Å"Wish You Were Here†, the band waited a year and a half before releasing another album. This album was based on the aristocratic and socialist way of life in the world. Each type of person was loosely based on an animal. On July 6th, 1977, the band played their final performance of the tour of the album animals in Montreal, Quebec where one of the fans was screaming relentlessly and accomplishing his way up toward the stage, Roger spit out on him to show misadjustment. Roger felt creepy about this and run away to his hotel room and started writing new music, about how much he and the audience have shattered. At the end of 1978, the band met together to discuss new projects. After David and Rich had made solo albums, Roger Waters made two projects and only one of them was taken, that project was â€Å"The Wall.† This album was released in UK and US and in both places the fans loved it. Between feb26th, 1980 and September 1981, P ink Floyd played the wall in earth’s court in London two times, as if they played in Los Angeles, and four times in Fallen Halle in Dortmund Germany. Rick Wright left the band in 1982 where the band recruited new keyboard players for a new project called spare bricks. Roger had plans for the new album in November 1983 but because of the anxiety between each of the members, Roger dismissed the plans and changed the name of the album to â€Å"The Final Cut† which it probably would be if David and Nick left, but they didn’t. In 1984, the band separated, Rick Wright created a solo project with Dave Harris called â€Å"Zee-identity†, David Gilmour made a new solo album called â€Å"About Face†, and Roger Waters made â€Å"Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking.† In 1986, David Gilmour discussed with Mason about getting the band back together. This caused a major law outfit. Roger Waters prosecuted David and Nick for the rights of the music, and the band n ame itself. Roger didn’t achieve in that because everything was recorded under the name of Pink Floyd. â€Å"A Momentary Lapse of Reason† was an album made by Dave and Nick in 1986. Both Dave and Nick concreted a collection of musicians for the album, like Phil Manzenaral (Guitar), Richard Wright(Keyboard) and the twenty-three others. Pink Floyd started recording in 1993 for their new album â€Å"The Division Bell.† Richard Wright was finally back fully with the band. The band made a tour for six months, where they played twelve shows. Pink Floyd released a live album and video on their division bell tour. The band was successful once more. In 1969, the band was introduced into the Rock and Roll hall celebrity. Mason, Wright, and Gilmore performed â€Å"Wish You Were Here† with Billy Corgan of smashing pumpkins, and after that, the band didn’t make any concert, but Pink Floyd made a live album where they chose different recordings from different live shows with Roger Waters. Roger Waters toured in 1999 and 2000 and made a new live album called â₠¬Å"In the Flesh†. At the end of 2001, the band created a new compilation â€Å"Echoes† with Roger Waters and the producer James Gathery. This album had a great influence on the market. At last, we can’t but appreciate the band’s achievement and their major contribution to the improvement of music standards. Even though the band split at the end with prime disagreement but a reunion was organized in the â€Å"Live 8† in 2005 where they sang as a band. After 24 years of break up, Pink Floyd’s era finished, but they have left marks in the people’s lives. Research Papers on Biography of Pink FloydImpact of Breast CancerThe Story of Beatrix PotterHow did Humanity Begin?Puerto Rico: Music and Culture EssayAlbatross and Rimm of the Ancient MarinerQuebec and CanadaRacism and InjusticeThe Colour PurpleCritical Analysis of HamletThe Old Man and the Sea Essay

Design Management Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Design Management Research Report - Essay Example Mostly we focused on qualitative and quantitative research on our client company, and conducted competitor analysis to get a better understanding of the client company and the industry. Furthermore, we adopted Psychographic research about the company’s value, color theory, and competitor analysis to get insight into the problems of current company’s logo and strategies. In addition, we carried out case studies to find out how other companies successfully approached similar projects and how they obtained the best results. Project overview- According to the 2010 annual report of Invest Toronto, the logo is â€Å"The fresh, modern and energetic branding that will serve and invest as well as the story teller for our vibrant city.† However, we found that the logo has heavily focused on visualizing the city of the company rather than express the company’s values or objectives. A logo for a brand represents and distinguishes itself from others as an image, and th e right corporate identification makes it easier for the company to achieve its business objectives. The right consumer experience with a corporate identity helps them to choose the company when it comes down to a decision. Therefore, setting up a clear and positive corporate identity especially for a company in its earliest stages of development, such as Invest Toronto is very important. To achieve this, the company requires a corporate identity that reflects its value, ethics, future and principles, and one that gives a strong positive visual experience of the company. Since among the company’s objectives and roles is attracting foreign companies to Invest Toronto, the logo should be understood by people from different cultures and give a positive image to them as well. We also conducted research on the client company, and found that there was lack of consistency in terms of brand identity. The use of different background logo colors in different social media might confuse viewers and alleviate planting of a clear visual representation of company to its audiences. Thus, when creating a corporate identity, there should be a strong, clear branding system and marketing strategies that expose the company to the public more. Description of the client company Invest Toronto is the primary business, sales and marketing corporation for the City of Toronto and was organized by Toronto City Council in September 2008, Invest Toronto's initial Directors Board was confirmed by Toronto City Council on February 24, 2009. There are fifteen board of directors since the company is at the starting stages it has about thirty employees are under Renato Discenza the CEO and President of Invest Toronto. The city is the sole shareholder of Invest Toronto and the former has set up the business objectives for the company, which corresponded to its interests. Precedents/ case studies 1British Columbia Lottery Corporation: The rebranding of the British Columbia Lottery Corporati on in 2011 was one of the most recent successful rebranding measures similar to the rebranding of Invest Toronto, since British Colombia Lottery Corporation is closely connected to Provincial Government of British Colombia since its establishment. Considering the requirement of understanding gambling industry, the advertising agency, Cossette, had to look into the Government, media, and public review to fulfill the

Environmental Managent Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Managent - Annotated Bibliography Example mping them to the bottom of the ocean has been captured vividly on camera which provides proof of the project known as â€Å"The Next Stop Atlantic (Zolfagharifard, 2015).† The article discusses about different environmental management issue the first being recycling. Recycling is being encouraged in order to save the environment from harmful effects associated with wrongful disposal of the used products (Wehrmeyer, 2011). The other issue in discussion is that of prevention of pollution. Pollution and especially air pollution is known and documented to destroy the environment as well as the ozone layer (Uberoi, 2004). With the used subway cars being dumped in the floor of the ocean instead of burning them, then massive air pollution has been prevented. Lastly is the issue of saving aquatic life and providing them with a longer life span as well as a chance at reproduction. The ocean just like land is full of predatory animals and fish which hunt the fish species and eats them or live off eating their spawn once laid. There are not enough corals to hide all the aquatic life and hence the subway cars provide other artificial corals where the fish can hide and reproduce without danger (Hill & Gale, 2009). The project uses very minimal resources but the resultant environmental impact is very great and positively encouraged (Thomas, 2005). Literature on environmental management impact indicates that recycling is among one of the cheapest form of management. This is compared against the resources used to destroy the recycled materials (Ghosh, 2003). The increased campaign of this project not only in New York and US but the whole world in general should be encouraged. It is guaranteed to reduce the negative impact of pollution as well as ensure the used cars are properly disposed. According to Figueroa & De Chile (2008), environmental management is a very simple thing if only people start thinking outside the box. Once the human beings assist the marine life increase

Literature review summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Literature review summary - Assignment Example Using social media for work: Losing your time or improving your work?  Ioannis Leftheriotis and Michail N. Giannakos  2013  Computers in Human Behavior. To examine whether employees utilize social media for work purposes, what principles boost this usage, and if that utilization is linked with their performance. 1799 employees Feedback in the insurance industry was used to scrutinize the effect of social media on work.   Questioners was the method used   and the questioners were distributed in three ways: (a) Researchers visit the participants work place and give the questionnaire on printed paper. (b) Researchers send an email containing the questionnaire in an on-line form to participants from distant cities. (c)The IIS Institute holds two large conferences all over the country with people from the insurance industry; links to the online questionnaire are distributed to the conference attendees  Results confirmed that in the case of social media for work, employees make extended use of them no matter their age. We found also that both utilitarian and hedonic values influence employees to use more social media for their work, at least in the insurance sector. Last but not least, this study confirms that there is an important relation between the use of social media and the work performance  only a small number of possible motivations based on the literature or experts were exploredThe consumption of the social media has an impact on the ability of the employee. As such the use within an organization is crucial to the employer.

Analysis Of The Economic Outlook Of Singapore Economics Essay

Analysis Of The Economic Outlook Of Singapore Economics Essay Introduction The February Issue of the Wall Street Journal has provided an article on the economic outlook of Singapore. The article contains many economic facts and concepts, which could be analysed and discussed. These concepts are derived from theory and provided in the context of Singaporean economy. Economic The first point raised by the authors of the article was that the economy of Singapore experienced recession during 2009 and started recovering in 2010 (Holmes and Venkat, 2010). We remain optimistic about Singapores outlook in 2010 and continue to expect the economy to return to positive growth of 5.1% in 2010, although we reiterate this years recovery is likely to be gradual and uneven (Holmes and Venkat, 2010, p.1). The Singapore economy can be well explained by the economic theory of business cycles. In general the theory suggests that capitalist society is unstable. Economic growth will never continue steadily but will be developing cyclically. Business Cycle Figure 1: Gross Domestic Product of Singapore in $million The theory distinguishes four major types of business cycles which are classified under Kitchin cycles, Juglar cycles, Kuznets cycles and Kondratiev cycles. The economy of Singapore reached its trough in 2009 in Figure 1. All of them have different time spans. Kitchin cycles last from 3 to 5 years (Kitchin, 1923). Juglar business cycle would last from 7 to 11 years. Kuznets cycles would last from 15 to 25 years (Glasner and Cooley, 1997). The longest business cycle is the one described by Kondratiev and Stolper (1935). It is rather considered a technological wave that has a span from 45 to 60 years. The year 2010 started with the contraction or growth phase of the business cycle. The analysis of historical indicators of GDP would allow for identifying at least four business cycles that developed in the period from 1960 to 2010. From Figure 1 it can be observed that the recent economic recession in Singapore was a part of the classic Juglar cycle that lasted from 2000 to 2010. It had a span of a little over than ten years and had a long phase of expansion with rather a short period of slowdown. Prior to this, there was a short Kitchin cycle that lasted from 1998 to 2000. During these three years, the economy went through a trough, recovery, peak and another slowdown. Inflation Rate Figure 2: Annual Inflation Rate in Singapore It is valid to account for the price level and real GDP of the country for the estimation of the business cycle. Real GDP is the nominal GDP deflated by the rate of inflation. High inflation would overestimate the value of GDP and economic growth would be presented higher than it really is. The changes in the annual inflation rate of Singapore are presented in Figure 2. During the years 1998 and 2009 when the economy of Singapore was experiencing recessions, the inflation rate was lower than during the phase of expansion. This observation indicates that inflation is higher when the economy is growing because businesses firstly tend to increase prices and then the output when additional demand appears. During the phase of slowdown, the situation is the opposite. Inflation rates tend to go down and nominal GDP approaches the value of real GDP. Aggregate Demand and Supply The expected economic expansion in Singapore in 2010 can also be explained by the theory of aggregate demand and supply. Generally, when demand (AD) increases, the prices rise and this in turn stimulates producers to increase supply or output (AD). As a result both nominal and real GDP would grow continuously. Figure 3: Aggregate Demand and Supply Model During the recession consumer demand for goods and services was down and therefore both the price level represented by inflation rate was lower and the real GDP declined. In the period of expansion that started in Singapore in 2010 (Holmes and Venkat, 2010), both the inflation and real gross domestic product are expected to increase according to the law of supply and demand. As consumers start spending more money on durable and non-durable goods and services, businesses will increase the prices and start expanding production, which would lead to the growth of total output in both real and nominal terms. This is demonstrated by the supply and demand model in the Figure 3. Price Level and Unemployment Rate It is interesting to note that there is also a relationship between the price level in the country and the unemployment rate. When the inflation (A to B) increases in the country, unemployment rates will go down because inflation is thought to be associated with economic growth and expansion. This relationship is explained by the economic concept of Phillips curve. Figure 4: Long Run Phillips Curve In the long run, however, the Phillips curve will be a vertical line (C) established at the natural rate of unemployment shown in Figure 4. In the case of Singapore, the short term Phillips curve was a valid model to represent the relationship between inflation and unemployment. By July 2009 the unemployment rate reached its maximum while the inflation rate declined, thus supporting the economic concept of Phillips curve shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6. Figure 5: Singapore Unemployment Rate Figure 6: Inflation Rate by Month Interest Rates It is valid to note that aggregate demand was stimulated during the recession by the central banks monetary policy. Without monetary stimulus, it would take much longer for consumers to start spending again and gain confidence in the future. The central bank started lowering the base lending rate (Trading Economics, 2010), which represented the short term interest rates in the country, in order to make it easier for consumers to borrow so that they could start spending more. The dynamics of the short term interest rates in Singapore is shown in the Figure 7. Figure 7: Singapore Interest Rates It is valid to note that in the pre recession period the country had already had rather low interest rates that ranged around 3%. In 2008, the central bank started reducing the overnight lending rate until it reached nearly 0% by 2010 (Trading Economics, 2010; Figure 7). Money Demand The article in the Wall Street Journal states that the expectation of contraction in the Singaporean economy and the 5.1% annual growth are feasible because the central bank does not plan to reduce the overnight lending rate too soon. As a result, there will be stimulus for borrowing, consumer spending and investing. Figure 8: Interest Rate Vs Money Supply The economic theory suggests that there is a direct relationship between the money supply and interest rates as shown in Figure 8. In fact, the interest rates are the price of money or the cost of money. When the cost increases, the demand for money will decrease. Similarly, when interest rates rise (I* to I**), the demand for money will fall. Both the consumers and businesses (S) will start borrowing less (Sloman, 2006). Keynesian View However, different school of economic thought offer different concepts on what would be an effective measure to stimulate the economy. For example, the Keynesian economic school argues that during the period of recession, it is essential to stimulate aggregate demand (AD). This has been seen in the case of Singapore when the central bank started stimulating aggregate demand by loose monetary policy in 2008 2010 (Trading Economics, 2010; Holmes and Venkat, 2010). Figure 9: Keynesian AS/AS Model The Keynesian view is that aggregate demand, if stimulated by monetary and fiscal policy, would eventually lead to the growth of the total output and aggregate supply. However, the neo classical school of economics offers a different solution. The neo economy states that the government should rather stimulate and tackle aggregate supply (Yte to Yrec) rather than demand. One of the measures that this school of economics proposes is to increase the money supply at a constant rate. The expansion of money supply is used to stimulate aggregate supply and economic expansion, thus reducing the volatility of the economy. The governments of developed countries in the European Union and the United States, however, continue to adhere to Keynesian measures of stimulating the economy and fighting recession. This has also been found in the case of Singapore (Holmes and Venkat, 2010). Since the recession had lasted only about a year in Singapore until the contraction and expansion started, Keynesian measures of stimulating the economic growth can be assessed as effective in spite of the criticism from the neo classical economic school. Conclusion It is valid to summarise the main arguments of the discussion of economic concepts in the context of Singapore that were based on the article in the February Issue of the Wall Street Journal. This article defended the position that the economy of Singapore will expand and achieve an impressive growth of up to 5.1% in 2010. This expectation has been discussed in the light of the economic theories of business cycles, the model of aggregate demand and supply and the theory of monetary policy and relationship between the interest rates, money supply and total output. From the standpoints of the theories and the fact that the central bank of Singapore does not plan to change its loose monetary policy, the economic expansion and growth of 5.1% are feasible and can be achieved.

Edgar Allen Poe for Biography :: essays research papers fc

Edgar Allen Poe for Biography   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edgar Allen Poe was born on January 19, 1809, in Boston, Massachusetts. Around this time was the Louisiana Purchase and the ending of importation of slaves. His parents were traveling actors but at a very early age his father deserted his family and his mother died in 1811. So Poe became a ward of John Allen who was a wealthy Richmond merchant. The Allan family lived in the United Kingdom from 1815 to 1820 before returning to Richmond. Poe and Allen’s relationship suffered tremendously making Poe having to make some hard decisions for his future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After they returned to Richmond, Poe attended the University of Virginia in 1926. Soon after he acquired gambling debts that John Allen refused to pay leading Poe to withdraw from the University. When in 1927 he was enlisted into the Military his first book was published. The title was â€Å"Tamerlane and Other Poems†. Poe published his second volume of poems, both collections show influence from Lord Byron. In 1830, Poe entered the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, where he excelled in the study of languages. He received help from American novelist John P. Kennedy in winning an editorial post with the Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond. For the Messenger, Poe contributed reviews, original or revised poems and stories, and two installments of The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym. Poe worked as an editor and contributor to magazines in several cities, including Richmond, Virginia; New York City; and Philadelphia. He unsuccessfully tried to fo und and edit his own magazine, which would have granted him financial security and artistic control in what he considered a hostile literary marketplace. But Poe's later rediscovery by the French poets Charles Baudelaire, Stephane Mallarme, and Paul Valery helped restore his reputation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poe married in his thirteen year old cousin in 1936, Virginia Clemm. When Virginia died in 1947, Poe then sank into poor health and his literary productivity declined. In 1849, Poe became engaged to marry the widowed Sarah Elmira Royster Shelton, his boyhood sweetheart.

Leadership Study Essay

1.1 Review the range of group and individual whose communication need to be address: As a manger communication plays a very big role. Mangers need to communicate with different people in different mode. Communication should be effective and leave a happy and satisfactory impact. Listening to the team and understanding what they need to say, is the first rule of effective communication. There are wide range of people I need to communicate with daily, weekly and less frequently basis that includes the other managers, visitors, parents, care workers extra. I communicate with all these people in writing, verbally and by listening. When I am communicating with these people mentioned above as well as in the graph I use different skills for example if I am talking to a visitor , I make sure that they should feel valued , supported and understood. On the other hand if I am talking to my junior staff I make sure they understand my instructions. I make sure that they understand that they have to do what I requested them but at the same time they are happy and motivated. These are the example of few people I communicate with. I will not write all of them in here except the other manager, with them we require mutual respect and understanding. Relationship and contacts: Parents Other Managers visitors Team Including Voluntary Relationship Children And contacts Marketing Care worker People Mode: Speaking, Listing and Writing are the essentials of communication through Meetings emails and verbal communication. 1.2 : Explain how to support effective communication with the job role Good communication is very important to develop good relationship and share information with people. I communicate with so many different people as I mentioned above. Effective communication helps people to interact with other people and allow you to communicate successfully. Communication should make the atmosphere of trust and cooperation. When I am communicating with parent I make sure I am listening to them and showing them that they are understood by giving paralinguistic. I make sure that I understand and come up with satisfactory solution so they trust and cooperate me and my organisation. I also make sure that they trust us that we are giving their children the best environment. When I am communicating with my staff I make sure they are understood, I am sensitive to their needs, I am involving them in decision making, listening. I make sure that my massage is across and effective. It helps us to make good relationship with people. On the other hand people like in KHDA, Municipality and different companies need informative but simple writing and verbal communication. Case History: I had one parent came very angry that the child got hurt and we are not taking care of it. When the parent came I listen to him for half an hour without reacting. We showed him the CCTV footage. Parent apologise for his reaction and went happily. Detail where effective communication worked: The teacher told me exactly what happened and told me that the mother was not happy. I went back checked CCTV. Father came I was listening and waited till he was calm down and showed him the CCTV footage. COMMUNICATION MODE: Listing, speaking, pictorial , formal and informal etc Effective communication 1. Personal 2. Knowledgeable 3. Specific 4. Focus on others need and requirements 5. Listen 6. Replace ego with Empathy 7. Read between the lines 8. Informative 9. Speak to the group as individual 10. Be prepared Purpose of communication As a manger I make sure that all the communication either it is written or verbal is delivering the best impact and effective massage. To delegate of work Meetings Presentations Supervision Appraisals Negotiations Interviewing Making relationship with co-workers and clients 1.3 Analyse The Barriers and challenges to communication Effective Communication is significant and a fundamental relationship-building skill in the workplace for any employee especially for managers to perform the basic functions of management, i.e., Planning, Organising, Leading and Controlling. If people don’t communicate well they limit their ability to connect on any meaningful level which can create conflict. Depending on the position in workplace, others will have expectations of how an individual should communicate with others. It is important that for any employee show respect to those he or she works with. The general social care council’s code of practice states that communications should be conducted in an appropriate, open, accurate and  straightforward way. By communicating in this way others will have trust and confidence in any employee and their abilities. Workplace relationships become a lot stronger when people can clearly and effectively communicate what they need and allow others to do the same. There a re several barriers that affect the flow of communication in an organisation. These barriers interrupt the flow of communication from the sender to the receiver, thus making communication ineffective. It is essential for managers to overcome these barriers. The main barriers of communication are summarised below. The first barriers to check out are those that an employee could be creating. People may think that they are doing everything possible to assist communication, but they should make sure that they are not making it difficult for people to understand what they say for instance using abbreviations another person does not understand. People should avoid professional jargon and terminology. I am managing from last 3 years and I find out that sometimes the massage has been not across. We usually feel that the other party I reviewed why it happened I figured it out Few points mention below 1. Language barriers 2. Culture and values 3. Too much instruction 4. Disagreements 5. Tiredness 6. Inappropriate environment 7. Faulty Presentation 8. Limited capacity 9. Assumptions 10. Miscommunication 11. Interference 12. Linguistic Barriers 13. Negative feelings 1.4: Implement a strategy to overcome communication Barrier Communication is a regular part of every agenda. Not just communicating in meetings, but  actually having a â€Å"communication plan† as part of most agendas. Something as small as effective writing or as large as understanding interpersonal relations. There are a lot of communication barriers faced these days by all. The message intended by the sender is not understood by the receiver in the same terms and sense and thus communication breakdown occurs. It is essential to deal and cope up with these communication barriers so as to ensure smooth and effective communication. I will give now some example how I overcome with these barriers in my setting Plan to make communication better 1. Eliminating differences in perception: The organization should ensure that it is recruiting right individuals on the job. It’s the responsibility of the interviewer to ensure that the interviewee has command over the written and spoken language. There should be proper Induction program so that the policies of the company are clear to all the employees. There should be proper trainings conducted for required employees (for eg: Voice and Accent training). 2. Use of Simple Language: Use of simple and clear words should be emphasized. Use of ambiguous words and jargons should be avoided. 3. Reduction and elimination of noise levels: Noise is the main communication barrier which must be overcome on priority basis. It is essential to identify the source of noise and then eliminate that source. 4. Active Listening: Listen attentively and carefully. There is a difference between â€Å"listening† and â€Å"hearing†. Active listening means hearing with proper understand ing of the message that is heard. By asking questions the speaker can ensure whether his/her message is understood or not by the receiver in the same terms as intended by the speaker. 5. Emotional State: During communication one should make effective use of body language. He/she should not show their emotions while communication as the receiver might misinterpret the message being delivered. For example, if the conveyer of the message is in a bad mood then the receiver might think that the information being delivered is not good. 6. Simple Organizational Structure: The organizational structure should not be complex. The number of hierarchical levels should be optimum. There should be a ideal span of control within the organization. Simpler the organizational structure, more effective will be the communication. 7. Avoid Information Overload: The  managers should know how to prioritize their work. They should not overload themselves with the work. They should spend quality time with their subordinates and should listen to their problems and feedbacks actively. 8. Give Constructive Feedback: Avoid giving negative feedback. The contents of the feedback might be negative, but it should be delivered constructively. Constructive feedback will lead to effec tive communication between the superior and subordinate. 9. Proper Media Selection: The managers should properly select the medium of communication. Simple messages should be conveyed orally, like: face to face interaction or meetings. Use of written means of communication should be encouraged for delivering complex messages. For significant messages reminders can be given by using written means of communication such as: Memos, Notices etc. 10. Flexibility in meeting the targets: For effective communication in an organization the managers should ensure that the individuals are meeting their targets timely without skipping the formal channels of communication. There should not be much pressure on employees to meet their targets. 1.4 Mode Of Communication 1. Written 2. Verbal 3. Pictorial 4. Paralinguistic 5. Formal 6. Informal

FDR versus Hitler essays

FDR versus Hitler essays Franklin D. Roosevelt and Adolph Hitler were two of the most influential leaders in modern history. They had diametrically different views on leading their respective nations, as well as what purpose their leadership would serve. Their styles as leaders shaped their views and determined what actions they would take leading up to and through out World War II. I will compare both Hitler and Roosevelt's leadership styles as they applied to World War II. Conclusively, I will show that, while they were two completely different types of leaders, they were both very effective and did what they thought would best serve their countries. In January of 1941, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt pronounced in his address of the Four Freedoms that we, and our allies, need to free the peoples of Europe from Hitler's tyrannical rule. Roosevelt has often been criticized for not entering the war earlier and stopping the killing he knew was occurring. However, as is always the case in America, the President had pressure from all directions. As a result, Roosevelt had to give most of his assistance to the warring nations in private until America did finally enter the conflict because of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Roosevelt frequently conducted radio broadcasts to inform, calm and rally the American masses. It is often mentioned that people felt in touch with Roosevelt and seemed as though he was right there in their living rooms with them. Franklin Roosevelts first inaugural speech was one of the most famous speeches in documented history. We have nothing to fear but fear itself, was very moving. He calmed the fears of millions of Americans. His charisma and keen political positioning allowed him remain out of the war until America was behind the effort. Once the effort was started every American put forth the effort he asked for to defeat the Axis powers. Roosevelt is known today as arguably one of the best p...

Alternate Catalysts for Organic Reactions and Synthesis

Alternate Catalysts for Organic Reactions and Synthesis Alternate Catalysts for Organic Reactions and SynthesisIntroductionThe study is based on the principles of green chemistry that can be considered as the main notions regarding the importance of the responsibility to the environment in different forms and along with the issues related to Chemistry and compositions of different organic systems. Due to the two fold importance of these components of green chemistry, it is vital to take into consideration the factors that are related to the said issues.One component of the study in Green Chemistry is the fact that the related principles are needed to be taken into consideration. Such principles points out the responsibility that are needed to be held by the people who manufacture and develop different forms of materials and compounds specifically the kinds that can affect the organic systems, or the systems of life. These issue target waste management, safe chemicals and renewable materials production, and other related activities in chem istry that view and present the importance of the surroundings (Anastas and Warner, 1998).Figure 3In relation to the green chemistry principles, the main objective of the study is to be able to focus on the determination and presentation of possible alternate catalysts for organic reactions and synthesis that can confirm to the green chemistry principles.Prior WorkTo be able to present a view and achieve an understanding in the issue under study, the review of the published research works are included. Also through the study of the said lien of works, the development and improvement of the field can be determined.The study is mainly related to the organic compounds that are used in the chemical reactions as catalysts that can be considered to have comparatively low hazardous effects. One of the options that are being explored by different scientists and...

Summary And Discussions Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Summary And Discussions - Dissertation Example This research was able to focus on the poverty and how it plays a role in facilitating domestic violence amongst the Hispanic community. In coming up with the facts, the researcher was able to find out that poverty increases the stress level of the Hispanic people, hence making them vulnerable to committing violence against their family members. Furthermore, the poor amongst the Hispanic community is approximately 26%. Furthermore, from the results of the surveys, violence occurs in 50% of the homes of the Hispanics. From this research, the researcher was able to find that it is the poor families amongst the Hispanic community that are vulnerable to poverty. This is because to high-stress level caused by poverty, and inadequate education. On this basis, this research was able to answer the research question and meet its objectives. The significance of this finding is that poverty is the root cause of domestic violence amongst the Hispanic community, and there is a need of coming up w ith policies and measures of tackling poverty amongst this group of people. Furthermore, this work is important because it gives out the ways in which poverty causes domestic violence amongst the Hispanics. Furthermore, it identifies the most vulnerable group to this violence. From this research, they are the most vulnerable group to domestic violence. In this research, by answering the five sub-questions, the researcher was able to defend the assertions that poverty plays a role in promoting domestic violence amongst the Hispanics.

Potential grows for food crisis as prices surge Essay

Potential grows for food crisis as prices surge - Essay Example Point where this demand and supply meets determines the equilibrium price level at given point in time (Leamer, 2009). (Arnold, 2008) Agricultural goods demand and supply and its respective equilibrium price are largely intervened by government due to many factors such as maintaining farmers’ income stream etc. It is done by restricting supply by restricting the overall production per acreage, restricting export to certain countries, increasing tariffs, restricting price over and above equilibrium( floor price) etc. Figure below explains demand supply scenario that increases price due to supplier responding to international demand. Initially with given demand D and supply S in a country, the price is determined at equilibrium P. In case of issues in other countries such as drought etc and the country in discussion starts exporting agricultural goods to them, the supply curve shifts in the local market from S to S’. At the current point where local demand in the country is D and the supply squeezes from S to S’, the price in the local market increases from P to P1. Demand from other countries increases and the curve shifts from D to D’ towards right. The supply curve also sifting from S to S’ with supply distributed between local and international market, the new price determined will be P2. This new price is high above then price determined based on local market demand. The supplier to get benefit of this increased demand responds to the international demand, hence neglecting local demand (Mankiw, 2009). To mention as evident from the above figure, it is visible that demand curve had a greater shift towards right as it is incorporating the increased demand from the other countries in trouble, hence causing greater shift in price. The supply curve on the other hand had smaller shift due to inelastic in nature causing comparatively less shift in price (O'Sullivan and Sheffrin, 2003). The scenario can also be reverse as in case t he surplus supplies overall worlds is enough to meet the demand. These cause huge variations in the income of farmers, increased supplies causes decline in prices that negatively affects farmers’ situation whereas shortage cause inflated prices and disadvantage to buyer. To control this variation in pricing, government of different countries intervenes in the market and control the supply with restrictions exports and increased tariffs on exports or even bans that maintain the price level in local market (Brickley and Zimmerman, 2009). Whereas to control the declining prices of the agricultural products government fixes floor prices (that is over and above equilibrium prices) and buys from farmer surplus products (Wessels, 2000). When excess is bought by government the level of supply available for customer is less and hence the floor price is adjusted as equilibrium price. (Rittenberg and Tregarthen) The surplus bought from farmer is then used for other purposes. For instanc e, US government uses this surplus for sending in aid programs. Also to maintain this excess supply, government pays farmer certain amount to reduce the per acreage production. These measures to maintain price from access price are however, harmful as they appear not aimed to maintain the income level of farmer but to maintain the international price level. As evident from the history, the supply has never in excess as compare to increase in demand of entire world keeping in consideration the factor of rising population level around the

Gender and Aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gender and Aging - Essay Example For instance, Ms. Beatrice engages in volunteering work in order to find time to share with her daughter and grandchildren (Anno. 2014). This helps her to feel better because of the company and the chance to interact with others. The aging services can help widows like Ms. Beatrice Newman cope with such challenges and age successfully by providing social occasions where they can interact with others. This is essential since it will make them feel appreciated and forget about their problems back at home. It would also be appropriate to encourage them to participate in volunteering activities where they can keep busy and socialize with other members of the society (Anno. 2014). This arises because the main challenge to them is loneliness and loss of touch of the family members. As a result, aging services can support caregivers by providing suitable facilities and conditions for taking care of the

Pest Analysis of Sainsburys in a 3rd World Country Essay Example for Free

Pest Analysis of Sainsburys in a 3rd World Country Essay Interest rate, economic growth, monetary and fiscal policy, inflation and the exchange rates are the important economic factors. These factors play a vital role in a firm’s business strategy and decision making. Every country has it’s own culture and the nation has a strong impact on their living. The social and cultural influences on business vary from country to country. Social  factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, language, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, the roles of men and women in the society. Furthermore, companies may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends Technological  factors have vital place in PEST analysis. Some markets are labour intensive and some are capital intensive. Technological factors determine  barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence  outsourcing  decisions. It is one of the major drivers of globalization and is the base for competitive advantage. Innovation is offered to the customers or consumers through technology for example internet banking, smart phones etc. It also enables the firm to produce a product cheaply and to a better quality in standard. Pakistan is the sixth most populated country in the world with over 180 million people. It is estimated that the 25% of the population belongs to the middle income class. It is also estimated that 55% of the Pakistani population is in the 10-40 years age bracket. The upper middle-income class is estimated at 17 million with relatively high per capita income which favours more consumer spending. The average Pakistani consumer spends 42% of his income on food related products. The upcoming changes in demographic will create opportunities and challenges for businesses in Pakistan. Pakistan’s food retail sector is unorganised and highly dominated by independent small stores. Over the past few years, some large European food retailers have opened stores in all major Pakistani metropolitan cities like Makro, Metro and Carrefour (Hyper star). Pakistani families are attracted towards these stores due to their strategic location, multiple product range and imported processed food. Studies also show that there has been a significant shift to organized format of shopping from traditional format, in urban areas. This provides a challenging and profitable opportunity to other food retailers to enter the market. Sainsburys provides convenient shopping under one roof, has wide range of products, consumer friendly environment, large storage and discounted prices. These factors give Sainsburys an advantage over other food retailers currently present in Pakistan. If Sainsburys decides to enter in food retail sector then it has to perform a PEST analysis. PEST Analysis of Sainsburys in Pakistan : Political Factors : The political factors revolve around the current government in a country. Currently, in Pakistan, the ruling party is Pakistan People’s Party which was democratically elected in 2008. Though it is backed by western powers but still is considered to be a weak government. The basic questions arise such as how stable is the political or is there any government intervention in the economic policy making or laws and legislation protecting the businesses. Unfortunately, due to weak governments in the past, the security and corruption has been the key issues Pakistan has been facing over the the last decade. Which certainly is not a good sign for any foreign investors. However, giants in food-retail sectors like Metro and Carrefour ( hyper star) have set an example with an increasing growth in profit and expansion even in such circumstances. Sainsburys may enter in the Pakistani market with it’s variety of products which are available under one roof, as the increasing trend in urban areas shows, there will be high demand for it. Political factors may also include the goods and services which the governments want to provide or be provided. Sainsburys collects much of it’s revenue by selling it’s wide range of wines and spirits. Pakistani law prohibits the sale or consumption of any type of wines and spirits within its geographical boundaries, Sainsburys will not be allowed to sell it in their stores which may negatively affect their sales. Government of Pakistan ensures that there is foreign investment in Pakistan and it has signed a few trade agreements too. It also provides foreign investors the incentives to invest here. Partial ownership by the Pakistan government usually serves as an insurance policy for the share holders and the investors. Economic Factors: Extremely volatile oil prices are the root cause of global financial crisis in Pakistan which has also worsened the energy crisis. These two factors increase the cost of production. High inflation is a key resultant of it As Sainsburys produce much of it’s products in stores so they may go beyond their feasible region in producing a product. Interest rates are at their peak, economic growth is quite slow and this is due to the low level of lending and purchasing power of the consumer is weak. Though it is a labour intensive country and labour supply is quite high and also available at low cost than most other countries but unemployment is rising regardless of the above mentioned fact. The gap between rich and poor continues to expand and the percentage of poor is increasing everyday. However relatively quite cheaper labour may do a significant impact in Sainsburys production. It will also bring employment opportunities for young and skilled labour. Heavy loans from financial institutions like IMF and world bank has made the government in debt upto neck and there are no significant changes in sight. However financial aid packages in the name of war on terror and from the friends of Pakistan has kept the economy from collapsing. Pakistan has integrated with global economy and has brought positive impact on economy with increase in GDP. Despite of the worse conditions, Investing in such a country where cheap labour is available and more than half of the country’s population lies in the labour force, targeting middle-income class-keeping the fact in mind that government provides support to private investors would not be a bad decision. Social Factors : The culture and religion are very close to each other in Pakistan. As mentioned above this will affect the sales of wines and spirits of Sainsburys as it is not only prohibited by the dominant religion and prohibited by law but the targeted class does not accept it too. Health and Education are the two important sectors for any developing nations and Pakistan lack both of them and government of Pakistan fails to allocate the required budget in both the sectors. However, people like to shop and come with families to the big retail stores. There has been a significant shift from traditional to organized format. The studies show that 11% of the population tend to buy long life food related products in advance for a month. Sainsburys provides a healthy and safe environment to work with,which for a change would attract the people to work and shop here. In comparison to the past, women have also started to contribute in the labor force. Language will be a barrier for the citizens of Pakistan as english is not the first language in Pakistan. Buying imported products is considered a status symbol in Pakistan so there is a high demand for foreign products in Pakistan and is appreciated in the local market. According to studies people spend 42% of their income on food related products. So there will be high demand for a food related products provided by Sainsburys. Technological Factors : Technological expertise is overflowed in Pakistan as the labour supply and demand for IT professionals is high. There has been an improvement in the industrial sector but still the country’s imports are higher than exports. Since it is a labour intensive area and not capital intensive so use of technology higher the cost of production but shift to focus more on labour may help Sainsburys to produce it’s products relatively cheaper. There is also a trend of buying products online seen. Sainsburys already provides the service of buying it’s products online which saves much time so the typical â€Å"9-5† workforce can also be targeted.

William Buffalo Bill Cody Essay -- Biography Biographies Buffalo Bill

William Buffalo Bill Cody Buffalo Bill was one of the most interesting figures of the old west, and the best known spokesman of the new west. Buffalo Bill was born in 1846 and his real name was William Frederick Cody. Cody was many things. He was a trapper, bullwhacker, Colorado 'Fifty-Niner';, Pony Express rider, Civil War soldier, wagonmaster, stagecoach driver, and even a manager of a hotel. He changed his name to Buffalo Bill sometime in his early twenties for his skill while supplying railroad workers with buffalo meat. He would soon begin his career as one of the most famous prairie scouts of the Indian Wars.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Buffalo Bill worked the army from 1868-1872. Cody was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor in 1872. He was considered good luck by the men of the Fifth Cavalry. Cody guided them to victory, kept them from ambush, and his own fame in turn reflected glory on the regiment. Buffalo Bill thought himself to be lucky too. Cody was very fortunate to be wounded in action only once, and that one time it was only a minor wound. Most of all, he was most gracious for always being in the right place at the right time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Buffalo Bill Cody appeared on stage for the first time in 1872. He played himself in a play titled 'Scouts of the Prairie';. Following this, he kept acting in the winter and he worked for the army in the summer. The Wild West show began in 1883 in Omaha. When this began, real cowboys and real Indians showing how life really was in the west....

Celebrities That Are Good Role Models

The world through the eyes of some can be looked at as a mirror. From birth we are beings that are constantly watching. Babies and kids watch everything that is put in front of them; parents, siblings, television, and other kids that are around. This is especially true when it comes to celebrities. Every day in the modern world we as a society are exposed to the media, which tells us that celebrities can be viewed as good or bad role models. There are many celebrities that can do good things for the world and model behavior that is honorable; through this we as a society can mirror that behavior in our everyday lives. One celebrity who is an extremely talented model and talk show host, Tyra Banks, can be a model for women and minorities alike. She is host of the UPN/The CW reality television show and America's Next Top Model, as well as the co-creator of True Beauty. She also hosts her own talk show, The Tyra Banks Show. A few good things that Tyra has done for society to model includes forming the Tyra Banks Scholarship in 1994, which promotes greeting cards under Children + Families Organization to help abused and neglected children. Tyra took a journey to Costa Rica rainforest to arise the world's attention about endangered ecosystem. As a model, Tyra challenged weight discrimination by advertising her curves instead of hiding them. One is able to view examples of this in her book titled Tyra’s Beauty Inside and Out. This book does however share beauty secrets that she has learned from experts, she gives practical advice on skin care, cosmetics, hair, exercise, and fashion. What she also addresses in this book are serious subjects such as substance abuse, romantic relationships, sexual concerns, and being a complete person. She works hard to promote positive self-images for young women of all races and body types on her shows as well; â€Å"Why are we so obsessed with weight? † she said. When Tyra Banks went on her show in her bathing suit and said, â€Å"’Kiss my fat ass†¦ ‘ That's what I feel right now. I'm like, ‘Kiss my fat ass! ‘† she puts her middle finger to those who have to say anything bad about people who are bigger than a size 2. Another example from one of Tyras’ shows which exhibits women having a healthy body image, in episode Better Body Image, Tyra tries to help change three young women’s distorted perceptions of their bodies. Through this we as women and anybody who feels that they are different are able to look at Tyra and some of the same steps that she has in promoting acceptance throughout the world and we are able to apply this in our everyday lives. There are also many other celebrities that can help the public mirror good behavior. One major who is highly active in doing charitable things is the lead singer from U2, Bono. Bono writes most lyrics which uses political, social, and religious topics. In the song, â€Å"Sunday Bloody Sunday† ‘I can't believe the news today I can't close my eyes and make it go away How long, how long must we sing this song How long, how long Tonight we can be as one, tonight Broken bottles under children's feet Bodies strewn across a dead end street†¦.. ’ Bono addresses the 1972 Bloody Sunday massacre, in which 26 civil rights protesters were shot. In these lyrics we are able to visualize and feel what Bono is communicating, the sadness in the beginning, and the description of the massacre towards the end. One is able to have more awareness of the world by listening to lyrics as well as having an outlet in times of tragedy. There are hundreds of song lyrics by the Band U2 that highlight issues of the world today that is just one. He has become one of our best known philanthropic performers who has powerful diverse allies which vary from government leaders, religious leaders, popular media, and even global organizations. In examples through the organization DATA, aimed to eliminate poverty and AIDS/HIV in Africa, also aimed at American citizens to become proactive and voice their opinions regarding political and social issues by contacting senators and legislatures. Product Red is also something promoted by Bono which raises money for the Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis, and Malaria. Product Red is partnered with major companies and when the companies sell things with Product Red logo on it, the funds go to the Global Fund. We as a society are able to look at Bono, and what he promotes to open our eyes to the current situation of the world and just be more aware. We as a society are also able to look at Bono in general and model/listen to his causes, support his causes by buying Product Red, and even become activists ourselves. With celebrities having the high salaries that they do, they are able to do a bit more with their money than the average person. A charity, being a vivid example in celebrities using money to help the world, is another way we can look up to celebrities and model their good efforts. One celeb importantly, includes the singer Pink. Pink is involved with many charities including Phoenix vert, Human Rights Campaign, ONE Campaign, Prince's Trust, New York Restoration Project, Run For The Cure Foundation, Save the Children, Take Back the Night, UNICEF and World Society for the Protection of Animals. Pink was recognized as an advocate for the RSPCA in Australia. Pink also announced she was donating $250,000 to the Red Cross Bushfire Appeal to aid the victims of the bushfires that swept through the Australian state of Victoria. A total of 173 people were confirmed to have died in the fires with around 500 injured, the death toll was estimated to be 210. Charities are not something that everyone in the world is able to contribute to however, rich or poor we as a society can volunteer at local charities in our neighborhoods and if we have the means we can even contribute to them. Thus proving that we are all able to look throughout the media and at celebrities and model their good doings. The world can be viewed as a harsh place; there is death, disease, famine, killers, and more. The most anybody can do is stay positive and appreciate the good things that occur. In almost every story there are good guys and bad guys, some very impressionable can follow the wrong path, they can also model the good guys. The good guys in our modern era, being celebrities that do a lot of good and we as a society, can follow their good actions and do good our selves. Some say it is inevitable, we are just constantly in a world of mirrors, just mimicking everything we see, hear, and read. As long as it always doesn't benefit ‘number one' then I think it's a good thing that we see great things being accomplished that way we can strive to do great ourselves.

Enron and Corporate Ethics Essay

On December 2, 2001, Enron Corporation, then the seventh largest publicly traded corporation in the United States, declared bankruptcy. That bankruptcy saw thousands of Enron employees and shareholders losing their jobs and their investments. Enron’s fall sent shockwaves to all corners of the business world. A Fortune 400 company with all the appearances of stability and corporate soundness, the company’s collapse was unthinkable. For here was a company who grew by leaps and bounds in so short a time – a company who came from obscurity to national prominence as the world’s largest in terms of revenue. But like anything else if it is too good to be true it probably is. Unlike most bankruptcies which are caused by poor management and stiff competition, Enron’s demise appears simple enough: individual and collective greed. It was shameless greed that motivated company officials to dupe thousands of honest individuals out of their hard earned money – money that ran up to billions (Nakayama, 2002). The scam was unearthed just like any other scam – when people start getting suspicious. Enron was generating a lot of revenues – it was a smokescreen that allowed the company to attract more investors. While revenue generation was at record highs, profit was scant and minimal – a fact many people overlooked until it was too late. Enron’s mirage was selling the same things over and over and over again. The illusion was the company was generating this much sales but the reality was there was barely any profit made. Like everything else in hindsight, it is now clear that tell tale signs were all over Enron’s 2000 Annual Report. Still questions remain as to how a company that paraded its own Code of Ethics be so shamelessly unethical, a corporation that prides itself as having a reputation for â€Å"fairness and honesty† be so downright ruthless, callous and arrogant. Beyond the dollars and cents, the Enron debacle offers a new textbook example of failed ethics in business (Berenbeim, 2002). ENRON’s 2000 Annual Report – Warning signs Most of the investigation on Enron’s finances has focused on its balance sheet—it reported an otherworldly increase in revenue: Between 1996 and 2000, Enron reported an increase in sales from $13. billion to $100. 8 billion – a 57% five-year sales growth rate. The company more than doubled its reported sales between 1999 and 2000. Looking back then, this was a sign that the company appeared too good to be true. Before it declared bankruptcy, Enron said it was on track to double revenue again the next year. Had it done so, it would have become the second-largest corporation in the world in terms of sales. According to Forbes. com, Enron’s reported revenue was based on its exploitation of a loophole in accounting rules – a tactic that may have been legal, but few investors understood it (Ackman, 2002). Forbes. com goes on to say that Enron earned more than 90% of its revenue from a business it calls â€Å"wholesale services,† Enron’s euphemism for trading. Here is how its 2000 annual report describes that activity: â€Å"Enron builds wholesale businesses through the creation of networks involving selective asset ownership, contractual access to third-party assets and market-making activities. † Yet again, another warning sign. Footnotes in the annual report for 2000, also show hints of the hidden debt that pushed the company into bankruptcy. According to Businessworld, a footnote on â€Å"preferred stock† indicates that if Enron’s share price were to fall below $48. 55–which first occurred on June 14–the company would be obliged to issue stock to a partnership called Whitewing Associates (Tergesen, A. 2002). Other footnotes reveal similar arrangements. True, Enron never put a dollar value on its potential obligations, and the footnotes did not divulge the extent of the partnerships. But enough was revealed to suggest that investors were not getting a full view of the company’s finances. Enron and its Code of Ethics Enron trumpeted its own Code of Ethics, but based upon investigation by the U. S. Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, it willfully and shamelessly violated the very code it promised to upheld (U. S Subcommittee on Investigations, 2002). In its decision, the Subcommittee cited, among others, the following: (1) Fiduciary Failure. The Enron Board of Directors failed to safeguard Enron shareholders and contributed to the collapse of the seventh largest public company in the United States, by allowing Enron to engage in high risk accounting, inappropriate conflict f interest transactions, extensive undisclosed off-the-books activities, and excessive executive compensation. The Board witnessed numerous indications of questionable practices by Enron management over several years, but chose to ignore them to the detriment of Enron shareholders, employees and business associates. (2) High Risk Accounting. The Enron Board of Directors knowingly allowed Enron to engage in high risk accounting practices (Thomas, 2002). (3) Inappropriate Conflicts of Interest. Despite clear conflicts of interest, the Enron Board of Directors approved an unprecedented arrangement allowing Enron’s Chief Financial Officer to establish and operate the LJM private equity funds which transacted business with Enron and profited at Enron’s expense. The Board exercised inadequate oversight of LJM transaction and compensation controls and failed to protect Enron shareholders from unfair dealing. (4) Extensive Undisclosed Off-The-Books Activity. The Enron Board of Directors knowingly allowed Enron to conduct billions of dollars in off-the-books activity to make its financial condition appear better than it was and failed to ensure adequate public disclosure of material off-the-books liabilities that contributed to Enron’s collapse. 5) Excessive Compensation. The Enron Board of Directors approved excessive compensation for company executives, failed to monitor the cumulative cash drain caused by Enron’s 2000 annual bonus and performance unit plans, and failed to monitor or halt abuse by Board Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Kenneth Lay of a company-financed, multi-million dollar, personal credit line. (6) Lack of Independence. The independence of the Enron Board of Directors was compromised by financial ties between the company and certain Board members. The Board lso failed to ensure the independence of the company’s auditor, allowing Andersen to provide internal audit and consulting services while serving as Enron’s outside auditor. Conclusion While Enron’s officials were caught and brought before the bars of justice, many wonder how widespread the lack of corporate ethics is in the business world. Greed they say is universal. Who knows what will be the next Enron. As long as there are CEOs, CFOs who disregard the simplest form of business decorum there will always be an Enron story. Let’s hope that people will not forget that story and profit from it.

The Tragedy of the Vietnam War essays

The Tragedy of the Vietnam War essays The Vietnam War is considered by most to be a mistake for many reasons. Many victims emerged from the war and especially for the soldiers who participated in it, it was simply wrong. Many of the soldiers who fought in Vietnam entered Vietnam with unclear directives and returned from Vietnam transformed and displaced. Many individuals have chosen to express how the Vietnam War was a tragedy from many angles. Through books, images, and movies, the memories of Vietnam are filled with pain and regret. These expressions are beneficial because they create within us a sense of understanding for what is often termed indescribable. One of the most powerful tools for expression is writing. Tim O'Brien, author of the book, The Things They Carried, vividly recounts what Vietnam did to him and those with whom he served. His stories about the transformations he witnessed offer proof that the war was indeed a mistake. For example, he tells us about how Norman Bowker was a gentle person, but as a soldier, he carried with him the thumb of a dead Vietcong boy. Another example of how the war changed individuals is when Rat Kiley shot the baby buffalo. We are told that Kiley stroked the buffalo's nose and then shot at it repeatedly. He shot it in the knee, its back and legs; he shot off an ear. "It wasn't to kill; it was to hurt," O'Brien tells us. (O'Brien 78) Kiley was reacting to losing his best friend, Curt, who stepped on a land mine and died. In the unknown land of Vietnam, Kiley found no other way to express his feelings. We can understand the extreme pressure the soldier was under when O'Brien tells us that "Rat Kiley was crying. He tried to say something, but then cradled his rifle and went off by himself" (79). O'Brien is able capture moments of emotional collapse that result from extreme conditions. O'Brien writes of what he saw, "We had witnessed something essential, som...

Free Essays on Memory And Recollection Of The Soul

Memory is mentioned in quite a few philosophical books and dialogues. It is a main theme in both Meno and Confessions of St. Augustine. Meno starts off contemplating virtue and whether it can be taught. This leads the dialogue to the subjects of learning and memory. Memory is also the focus of Book X in Confessions. Socrates asserts that learning is really the soul’s process of remembering what it knew before birth. St. Augustine’s and Socrates’ theories are fairy similar to each others and Plato’s. Socrates believes in anamnesis; the idea that learning truth is really a matter of the soul recollecting what it has learned in previous lives. He often says that he knows he knows nothing, so this is a change because he seems to be very sure of this theory. He believes the soul is eternal and each time it is born it forgets everything it knows and must relearn it. When experiencing something, you are actually relearning what you already knew. He proves this is by asking a young servant of Meno’s geometrical questions. He draws a square and asks the boy if the lines are not equal and if a square can be any size. Socrates continues to ask the boy more complex questions. When he is satisfied, he presents this process to Meno as evidence that learning is in fact a recollection. If the boy was never taught this, how did he come to know the relationship between the diagonal of a square and a square double the area? Socrates concludes this point by adding â€Å"But if he has al ways possessed this knowledge he would always have known; or if he has acquired the knowledge he could not have acquired it in this life, unless he has been taught geometry and every other branch of knowledge. Now, as you say, he was born and bred in your house.† Meno admits that he is certain no one has ever taught the boy geometry. Meno is satisfied with Socrates explanation and even goes as far to call his worlds excellent. Like Socrates, Augustine's answ... Free Essays on Memory And Recollection Of The Soul Free Essays on Memory And Recollection Of The Soul Memory is mentioned in quite a few philosophical books and dialogues. It is a main theme in both Meno and Confessions of St. Augustine. Meno starts off contemplating virtue and whether it can be taught. This leads the dialogue to the subjects of learning and memory. Memory is also the focus of Book X in Confessions. Socrates asserts that learning is really the soul’s process of remembering what it knew before birth. St. Augustine’s and Socrates’ theories are fairy similar to each others and Plato’s. Socrates believes in anamnesis; the idea that learning truth is really a matter of the soul recollecting what it has learned in previous lives. He often says that he knows he knows nothing, so this is a change because he seems to be very sure of this theory. He believes the soul is eternal and each time it is born it forgets everything it knows and must relearn it. When experiencing something, you are actually relearning what you already knew. He proves this is by asking a young servant of Meno’s geometrical questions. He draws a square and asks the boy if the lines are not equal and if a square can be any size. Socrates continues to ask the boy more complex questions. When he is satisfied, he presents this process to Meno as evidence that learning is in fact a recollection. If the boy was never taught this, how did he come to know the relationship between the diagonal of a square and a square double the area? Socrates concludes this point by adding â€Å"But if he has al ways possessed this knowledge he would always have known; or if he has acquired the knowledge he could not have acquired it in this life, unless he has been taught geometry and every other branch of knowledge. Now, as you say, he was born and bred in your house.† Meno admits that he is certain no one has ever taught the boy geometry. Meno is satisfied with Socrates explanation and even goes as far to call his worlds excellent. Like Socrates, Augustine's answ...