Pagan and Christian Elements in Beowulf Essay -- Epic of Beowulf Essay

Pagan and Christian Elements in Beowulf The praised epic poem, Beowulf, is the first great heroic verse poem in English literature. The epic follows a courageous warrior named Beowulf throughout his young, adult life and into his old age. As a young man, Beowulf becomes a fabled hero when he saves the land of the Danes from the hellish creatures, Grendel and his mother. Later, after fifty years pass, Beowulf is an old man and a great king of the Geats. A monstrous potassium hydrogen tartrate soon invades his peaceful kingdom and he defends his people courageously, dying in the process. His body is burned and his ashes are placed in a cave by the sea. By placing his ashes in the seaside cave, people passing by will always remember the legendary hero and king, Beowulf. In this recognized epic, Beowulf, is abound in supernatural elements of ethnical associations however, the poem is the opposite of pagan barbarism. The presentation of the story telling moves fluidly within Christi an surroundings as well as pagan ideals. Beowulf was a recited pagan folk perception where the people of that time period believed in gods, goddesses, and monsters. Its significance lies in an oral history where people memorized long, dense lines of tedious verse. Later, when a scripted tradition was introduced they began to write the story down on tablets. The old tale was not first told or invented by the commonly known, Beowulf poet. This is clear from investigations of the folk lore analogues. The manuscript was written by two scribes around AD 1000 in late West Saxon, the literary dialect of that period. It is believed that the scribes who put the old materials unneurotic into their present form were Christians and that his poem reflects a Christian tradition.... ...e epic is the heros fame, a monument as enduring as earth. Works Cited Primary Source Kermode, Frank, and lav Hollander, et al. Beowulf. The Oxford Anthology of English Literature Vol 1. New York Oxford UP, 1973 . 29-98. Secondary Sources Chickering, Howell D, Jr. Beowulf A Dual-Language Edition. New York Anchor, 1977. Clark, George. Beowulf. New York Twayne, 1990. Holland-Crossley, Kevin, and Bruce Mitchell. Beowulf. New York Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. Poupard, Dennis, and Jelena O. Krstonc, ed. Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism Volume 1. air mile Gale Research, 1988. Morris, Richard, ed. Blickling Homilies Sermon 17 of the Tenth Century, Old Series, no. 73. London EETS, 1880. 209-11. Tuso, Joseph F, ed. Beowulf The Donaldson Translation Backgrounds and Sources Criticism. New York W.W. Norton, 1975.

An Interpretation of Emily Dickinsons Poem I Felt a Funeral in My Brain :: Dickinson I Felt a Funeral, in My Brain Essays

An Interpretation of Emily Dickinsons Poem I Felt a Funeral in My BrainEmily Dickinson was a reclusive individual that was rarely seen by anyone outside of her immediate family and few close friends. This solitude emerges in her poetry in the form of doom and somberness depictions. Dickinson seems to have a fascination with terminal as if death is a friendly character rather than a horrible image. It has been stated that Dickinsons obsession with death was a sign to others around her and her readers that she was struggling internally. In the poem I Felt a Funeral in My Brain Dickinson seems to be describing a delusion of a person that is contemplating what will happen to him/her when he/she dies. This poem also seems to be an affirmation of heaven and hell and a ain battle within the storyteller to come to terms with his/her own mortal existence. In the first stanza Dickinson describes feeling a funeral in her brain. This could be a metaphor for her own personal death an d the reference to sense breaking through tells the reader that only through death can a person ever understand and/or value life. This could be viewed as a retrospection on the narrators life and a telling poem about where she was at in her existance around this conclusion of meter. If this interpretation is justified then in stanza two the funeral proceeds with the narrator hating to be there as she/he says And when they all were seated, A Service, like a Drum- Kept beating-beating-till I thought My Mind was going numb- This stanza shows that the narrator is still bored with the living world even in death. The third stanza continues the theme of a struggle between heaven and hell in the last line when the narrator states, Then space-began to toll. This reference to a bell tolling, or time running out seems to suggest the impending judgment for the narrator. Heaven is discussed in the forth stanza and compared to a bell As all the Heavens were a tam-tam And Being, but an Ear, And I, and Silence, some strange race

Genetically Modified Food (GMOs): Annotated Bibliography Essay

Genetically modified foods, or GMOs, goal is to feed the worlds malnourished and undernourished population. Exploring the positive side to GMOs paints a wondrous picture for our planets future, although careful steps must be taken to ensure that demise of our ecosystems do not occur. When GMOs were first introduced into the consumer market they claimed that they would help eliminate the worlds food crisis by providing plants that produced more and were resistant to elemental impacts like droughts and bacterial contaminants, however, production isnt the only cause for the worlds food crisis. Which is a cause for concern because the population on the earth is growing and our republic and ways of agriculture will not be enough to feed every unity sufficiently. No simple solutions can be found or applied when in that location are so some(prenominal) lives involved. Those who are hungry and those who are over fed, alike, have to consider the consequences of Genetically Modified Orga nisms. Food should not be treated like a commodity it is a human necessity on the most basic of levels. When egos, hidden agendas, and personal gains are folded into peoples food sources no one wins. As in many things of life, there is no true right way or wrong way to handle either of the arguments and so many factors are involved that a simple solution is simply not an option. Dr. Noah Zerbe is a professor and chair of the department of politics at Humboldt State University in California and someone who has spent time in both South Africa and Zimbabwe. Dr. Zerbe goes in depth into the factors that surrounded the 2002 famine in Africa, where 14 million Africans were on the brink of starvation. The Malawi president, just a season before the famine, sold off all of Mal... ...e in Southern Africa. Food Policy, 29(6), 593-608. doi10.1016/j.foodpol.2004.09.002Scanlan, S. (2013). Feeding the Planet or Feeding Us a Line? Agribusiness, Grainwashing and Hunger in the World Food System.In ternational Journal Of Sociology Of Agriculture & Food, 20(3), 357-382.Clausen, R. and Longo, S. (2012), The Tragedy of the Commodity and the Farce of AquAdvantage Salmon. Development and Change, 43 229251. doi 10.1111/j.1467-7660.2011.01747.x. Okigbo, R., Iwube, J., & Putheti, R. (2011). An extensive review on genetically modified (GM) foods for sustainable development in Africa. E-Journal Of Science & Technology, 6(3), 25-44.Puduri, V., Govindasamy, R., & Nettimi, N. (2010). Consumers perceptions toward usefulness of genetically modified foods a need of select consumers in USA. IUP Journal Of Agricultural Economics, 7(3), 7-17.

What Makes a Child Disadvantaged Essay -- essays papers

What Makes a Child DisadvantagedDisadvantaged children tend to be slightly ignored when one thinks of education. However, they are individuals just like some(prenominal) other child and they should be given the same opportunities that all children have. Poverty is a huge problem in many areas of the world. MacQueen states poverty puts children merchantman from birth, and keeps them behind for life (2003). If a child is in a household with little money, they may lack the stable home in a safe neighbourhood, comely nutrition, and the kind of involved parenting that would be influential on the refine and desired development of the young child (MacQueen, 2003). Children with handicaps, whether they are physical or mental, also see to it into the category of disadvantaged children. These children do not, and will never, have the same opportunities as children who are so-called normal. However, early childhood education programs can effectively call forth the intelligence of disadvan taged children, guide them toward better social adjustment and help them learn more in school (Unknown, 1977, par. 1). Therefore, even if a student does regard a handicap, they may have a better pass off at doing well in school and when they enter into a real societal running(a) atmosphere. Effects of Ea rly Childhood Education Programs There is a great need for early childhood education programs in general however, it is especially necessary to go forth learning as young as possible for disadvantaged children. If, when born into a society like the one in which we live, a child has an robotlike disadvantage then he needs to get started on social and other kinds of learning, so he can have a better chance at becoming an effective part of society. Some may beli... ... 28. This article is explaining that programs such as Head Start can help in the correct and beneficial development of disadvantaged children and can give considerable benefits economically for society. 29. Unkno wn. (December 1980). Big Payoffs from Early Education. Science News, Volume 118 (25/26), pp. 390. Retrieved February 25, 2004 from Academic Search/EBSCO. 30. This article explains the Ypsilanti Perry Preschool check and its evidence that children in early childhood programs outperform those who have never been enrolled in such programs. 31. Unknown. (2004). Everyday Learning. Scholastic Parent and Child, Volume 11 (5). pp. 12. Retrieved on April 25, 2004 from Academic Search/EBSCO. 32. This very short, to the point article, explains that play, especially with parents, can help all children to become more educated and self-aware.

Essay Comparing The Awakening and Story of an Hour -- comparison compa

Comparing The Awakening and Story of an Hour The heroine, Mrs. P, has some carries some characteristics parallel to Louise Mallard in Hour. The women of her time atomic number 18 check by cultural convention. Yet, Mrs. P, (like Louise) begins to experience a new freedom of imagination, a zest for life , in the immediate absence of her husband. She realizes, through interior monologues, that she has been held back, that her locate in life cannot and will not afford her the kind of freedom to explore freely and openly the emotions that are as much a lift off of her as they are not a part of Leonce. Here is a primary irony. Also, the rhetoric Chopin uses is full of contradictions from the beginning. not only that, but there are so many contradictions of manner, style, Point of view, and all of these both internal and external of each of the characters. For example, Leonce Pontellier wore eye-glasses. He was a man of forty, of medium height and rather supple build he stooped a li ttle. His hair was brown and straight, parted on whizz side. His beard was neatly and closely trimmed, whereas his sons are described inflexible little fellows of four and five. This suggests that he is rather delicate, and that his wife, after whom they presumably take (ils tiennent de leur mere) is sturdy and strong, and can and will take him at something. Another significant one comes in chapter xxix where her interior monologue talks of her understanding as...that monster made up of beauty and brutality. Looking at the end of the work and departure backwards (I read it this way so I could retrace the steps that lead up to Ednas suicide, I saw this first time an ambiguity between the seeming freedom she got from transcending the bonds of ... ... Another aspects of the story is that once Ednas awakening begins to take place, she is on a roller coaster of emotions, from the manic exuberance of audition to music and the sounds of the water, her connection to robert--its as t hough all her senses are opened up. Between times, however, she is really depressed, as though all the color that Chopin imparts so beautifully in the descriptions of the other scenes, has become dull and uninteresting. Then, she is flung into an emotional upheaval when she reads Roberts letter to Mlle Reisz, as the latter plays Wagner. Clearly, these kinds of emotions cannot be borne by a womanhood whose cultural structure does not admit the building of her own that it might sustain the weight and number. She is overwhelmed. She must escape, and she does, for her situation now is powerfully reminiscent of the triumph that kills in Hour.

Essay Comparing The Awakening and Story of an Hour -- comparison compa

Comparing The Awakening and Story of an Hour The heroine, Mrs. P, has some(a) carries some characteristics parallel to Louise Mallard in Hour. The women of her time are limited by cultural convention. Yet, Mrs. P, (like Louise) begins to experience a new freedom of imagination, a zest for intent , in the immediate absence of her husband. She realizes, through interior monologues, that she has been held back, that her station in life poopnot and will not afford her the kind of freedom to explore freely and openly the emotions that are as much a part of her as they are not a part of Leonce. Here is a primary irony. Also, the elaborateness Chopin uses is full of contradictions from the beginning. not only that, but there are so many contradictions of manner, style, Point of view, and all of these both internal and external of each of the characters. For example, Leonce Pontellier wore eye-glasses. He was a man of forty, of medium height and rather slender build he stooped a little . His hair was brown and straight, parted on maven side. His beard was neatly and closely trimmed, whereas his sons are described sturdy little fellows of four and five. This suggests that he is rather delicate, and that his wife, after whom they presumably lot (ils tiennent de leur mere) is sturdy and strong, and can and will take him at something. Another significant one comes in chapter xxix where her interior monologue talks of her understanding as...that monster made up of beauty and brutality. Looking at the end of the work and going backwards (I read it this way so I could retrace the steps that lead up to Ednas suicide, I saw this first time an ambiguity between the seeming freedom she got from transcending the bonds of ... ... Another aspects of the story is that once Ednas awakening begins to take place, she is on a roller coaster of emotions, from the manic exuberance of listening to music and the sounds of the water, her connection to robert--its as though all her s enses are opened up. surrounded by times, however, she is really depressed, as though all the color that Chopin imparts so beautifully in the descriptions of the other scenes, has become dull and uninteresting. Then, she is flung into an emotional upheaval when she reads Roberts letter to Mlle Reisz, as the latter plays Wagner. Clearly, these kinds of emotions cannot be borne by a woman whose cultural structure does not admit the building of her own that it might sustain the weighting and number. She is overwhelmed. She must escape, and she does, for her situation now is powerfully reminiscent of the joy that kills in Hour.

Green Engineering

Date 11/17/11 Name Manuel Tejada Activity Sustainable Architectural devise Course Materials and Processes (CD220) Instructor Paul Debashis Green engineering is a much-needed approach to transform existing engineering disciplines and practices to those that promote sustainability. The concept of sustainability is to develop and implement technologic some(prenominal)y and economically viable products, processes, and systems that meet the needs of humanity, while protecting the environment.Green engineering is governed by the following principles Use the least amount of energy to achieve any(prenominal) given task. Generate as much energy as possible using renewable resources. Generate the least amount of pollutants and by-products during energy generation. Use renewable and biodegradable materials to a maximum extent for building structures and fabricating products. Reduce waste during construction and fabrication. Design structures and products to maximize their life spans and m inimize maintenance.Design for easy deconstruction and help the reuse of components and materials from obsolete structures and products in new construction and fabrication. Make the least impact on the environment. The obvious question is Why are these principles not followed? The resolving is Because of economics, convenience, ignorance, and affluence, with economics playing the major role. For example, thermal power plants are still a more economical source for electrical energy compared to solar energy.However, the depletion of bleak materials and the comprise of controlling pollution and by-products are resulting in a steady increase in the cost of electricity produced by thermal power plants. This, in combination with the improved efficiency of solar carrells, is making solar cells a viable alternative. In the area of energy production, the fraction of energy produced by renewable resources is still very small. The popular sources are coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear. H ydroelectric power plants are a long-standing renewable source.The growing sources of energy production are solar and wind. Fossil fuels generate carbon dioxide and large amounts of residues, such as fly ash and bottom ash. Philosophically, most of the energy we are using came from the Sun. For example, coal, oil, oil shale, and sea dog sand were produced over millions of years from forest growth. If we could harness solar radiation, then most of the worlds energy needs could be met. To achieve this, the efficiency of solar cells has to be increased considerably.It is estimated that the Sun provides about 120 quadrillion watts of energy daily, while worldwide consumption is about 13. 5 trillion watts per year. In the next paragraph I will present the proposed of solar panels for a small business in Dominican Republic (Karina supermarket), which spends about 2160 kwh every month (0, 35 usd/kwh) $ 756 us monthly. For this roam we are going to use solar panel that contains 4 cells, a nd all(prenominal) of them can produce 0. 45 volts and 100 milliamps, or 45 milliwatts. Each cell measures 2 inches by 0. 5 inches.In other words, with these solar cells you can generate 45 milliwatts in one foursquare inch (6. 45 square cm). For the interest of discussion, lets assume that a panel can generate 70 milliwatts per square inch. To calculate how many square inches of solar panel you need for a Supermarket, I need to know * How much power the supermarket consumes on average. * Where the supermarket is located (so you can calculate mean solar solar days, average rainfall, etc. ). This question is possible to resultant role because I have the specific location in mind.Considering that in the tropics the days are longer and the sun shines more. Well assume that on an average day the solar panels generate their maximum power for 6 hours. Now we are going to do some calculation of how much solar electricity I need to power this supermarket. This means that what I would be powering with solar electricity are things like the refrigerator, the lights, the computer, the TV, stereo equipment, motors in things like furnace fans and the washer, etc. Lets say that all of those things average out to 3000 watts on average.Over the course of 24 hours, you need 3000 watts * 24 hours = 72,000 watt-hours per day. From our calculations and assumptions above, we know that a solar panel can generate 70 milliwatts per square inch * 5 hours = 350 milliwatt hours per day. Therefore you need about 205,000 square inches of solar panel for the supermarket. Thats about 5 solar panel that measures about 285 square feet each one (about 26 square meters). The cost for each unit, including battery bank and installation $16,000-$20,000 us. Now we are going to compare the annual cost of both system solar panel Vs regular energy.Solar Panel natural energy peer year (2160kwh/m) (12m) = 25,920kwh/y Total installation cost (5panel) (20,000us) = $100,000us Total cost kwh Total cost/ Total energy peer year = $3. 858 us/kwh Regular energy Total energy peer year (2160kwh/m) (12m) = 25,920kwh/y Total Cost (25,920 kwh/y) (0, 35 usd/kwh) = $9,072 us Assume no change in the cost of the electricity and base in the calculation, this system will likely fall in off in about 11 years. The average lifetime of solar panels is 40 years, so your investment will reap about 3 multiplication the initial cost.

Sultry Days by Shobha de

SULTRY DAYS A Tale of Struggle and Freedom sultry Days is the one-fifth tonic written by Shobha De published in the year 1994. With Sultry Days Shobha De has explored a different approach in her roles which had not been seen in her preliminary novels. Shobha writes in the front scallywag of this novel For my children finally a book by me that they flowerpot read. L. Sonia Ningthoujam writes Sultry Days, takes us into the world of force- break through, sex and guns, the shady grimace of Mumbai upper associate society. 1 In this novel Shobha has realistically bequested the lives of youth, their aspirations their attitudes, she mentions in her autobiography The novel is littered with types from that mixed-up decade-the self-styled bohemians out to change the world except not their smelly underwear the dirty old men of Mumbai, all gas and miniscule turds the corporate ladies with their good animation hangs-ups the intellectuals, pariahs and parasites who feed off the rich term spitting on their capitalist values. It was a fun book to do.And for those of us who grew up in that era in Mumbai, there were a lot of well-known(prenominal) echoes and reference points that provided loads of amusement during the recounting. I consider immortal one of my better-etched characters I earth-closet only regret he wasnt for real. 2 Shobha De dazzles the reader with her frank and candid tales of the lives of antherals and effeminates who be trying to carve a successful portion outer in the field of literature and journalism in the city of Mumbai. Because of her own journalistic stint in Mumbai Shobhas Sultry Days emerges as a very realistic novel.Shobha says, I rather samed doing this book with its simple tale of doomed mania, simply because it took me sustain to my college days and to the edges of the pseudo-arty intellectual world I flirted with briefly before beating a hasty retreat. 3 The protagonist in this novel is too a fe antheral like other no vels of Shobha De, but unlike her other novels Sultry Days as well revolves around a male character. Nisha, the protagonist of the novel is a secure headed and c atomic number 18er orient female although the novel also deals very realistically with a male character who also becomes the central character as the novel unfolds.God or debutante is the central male character and Nisha is the narrator. It is through deb that Nisha discovers herself. Nisha is a young college student who is sharp and focused towards studies, she comes from an upper middle class family. Nishas parents do not carry a very loving birth. She always feels tense that father has no clipping for her mother and neglects his daughter. Nisha is a shy little girl and she always hated the frown birthmark on her forehead which made her look tensed all the time. Was it my expression? Did I look troubled? In pain? Depressed? mayhap it was that birthmark of mine.It had to be that. I was born with worry lines betwee n my brows. 4 rogueboy 2 Nisha thought that she may appear to debutante as a, A prissy little good girl who carried far too may books around. Pretty enough, I suppose. But not special. 5 pageboyboy 2 From the beginning we become aware of Nishas attraction for Deb who is also referred to as God by most of his college conversancys. Deb is the son of a communist and is also a communist himself, he much gets arrested while taking out Morchas. Nisha gets attracted to Deb because of his unusual personality.His appearance is shabby, wears days old stubble, always scratches his matted locks which were full of lice-nests, smokes beedies, is a man of loose morals, has had several girls by the time he reached college. His attitude towards girls is also to use them and leave them. I learnt very quickly that I had to lapse whatever little ego and pride I had if I wished to hang around God. His attitude towards girls was simple-use them and leave them As for me, I was plain moonstruc k. And for once in my animation I wasnt expiry to lose out by default. 6 page 5Despite his shabby appearance, Gods hands and fingernails were surprisingly, neat and clean. He knows m any(prenominal) languages such(prenominal) as German, french and Spanish. He had already read Chaucer and Karl Marx before leaving school. Deb fails to tolerate exploitation and hence revolts against injustice, tyranny and frivolities. In the beginning of the novel Deb asserts the immenseness of decent means and told Nisha that he was not interested in bills as it is only means to an end. Nisha is very impressed with his manners. Nisha is truly in love with Deb and tries hard to work their relationship.Deb however, is not very emotionally attached to Nisha or at least he pretends so. He mainly lives off Nishas money. Nisha tells I loved buying things for God. It gave me a sense of belonging. Gifts were a bond-perhaps the only one. Gifts-which he took entirely for granted. 7 page 13 Nishas paren ts disapproved of God as they felt that God is using their daughter for his own profit. But Nisha is totally smitten by Deb and tells them, Id like Deb to ruin my life. I want him to ruin it. I dont care if he wrecks it. I love him. 8 page 14 Nisha is very possessive approximately her mother and when Deb passes some nasty comments on her mother, Nisha screams at him in a fit of anger, Oh, shut up How dare you? I screamed, You and your filthy mind. What would you know about the needs of ladies-you who have no background, no class, you filthy bastard. 9 page 17 Nishas father is a typical role player husband. At home he had set rules for his wife and daughter to follow. He expected his wife to be dolled up in office parties according to his tastes. His wife had no choice.Nisha tells, My fathers ideas of a well-dressed wife were pretty fixed-she had to be draped in pastel-coloured chiffon worn with a conceited blouse Make-up, especially lipstick, was of vital importance since he firmly believed it was a sign of sophistication and no stylish woman should ever be seen without it. 10 page 19 He expected his wife to look after the house and accompany him for occasional parties. She was never go ond to do something worthwhile outside home. When Nishas mother told her friends that she had no time for her personal interests her friend tells her That is your problem.But if I were in your place, I would just tell him that if hed cute to marry an ayah, he shouldnt have married you. We bring a lot of status to our husband and they should realize it. 11-page 24 Nishas father did not approve of women going out of home for work. When Nishas mother got an offer for work from her friend Pratimaben her husband denied it straightaway by saying In our company wives do not work. They stay at home and organize dinner parties 12 page 147 For a large number of years after their marriage Nishas mother use to give up without a fight with her husband.But when the artificial beh avior of her husband started taking toll on her senses she told her husband in a fit of anger I have had enough of your bullying and hypocrisy. I have unbroken quiet for far too long. Go to hell with your corporate nonsense. Why should you I? Why should I bother about you either? You can also go to hell with your pompous talk and empty boasts. I am sick, do you hear, sick of living this false life Well-its my turn now. And you can listen to me for a change. I will go along with Pratimaben with anything I choose to do. She is my friend.She encourages me. She appreciates me Whether you like it or not, henceforth I will make the decisions about my life. And the first thing is that Im taking a job. 13 page 148 Shobha De satirizes the hypocritical couples who have extramarital relations and yet pretend to be faithful to each other. Deb broke the news to Nisha that her father is having an affair with a Sindhi woman. Even Nishas mother confirms that her father has broken all ties with he r. Inspite of their differences Nishas parents throw an anniversary party for their friends.Nisha was tensed visual perception all this and admits As for me, I was drwn into my mothers sad world, full of self-pity and doubt. I didnt know what to make of the bomb she ad dropped. My father continued to be normal and pretended nonentity had happened. 14page 62 In this novel Shobha De throws light on the hollow life of film and modeling world. Deb gets no pocket money from his father, he does free lance reporting as well as proof-reading. After college Nisha joined an ad agency and she became a little busy in her life. Whenever she had time she met God and enjoyed his company.As God became informed of his creative powers, he started writing poems. Nisha felt delighted seeing God moving in the league of contemporary poets. God is also very proud of his poetic sensibilities. God started attending workshops in which amateur poets gathered and imagecased their work. Shobha De gives a ve ry realistic picture of this strata of upcoming talent. She refers to such workshops as The sessions were conducted I dingy halls where the organizers didnt have to pay any rent. Everybody sat around on uncomfort satisfactory folding chairs or on the floorOthers who were present regularly were a fairly motley lot of struggling writers, a Grande Dame of Verse, frustrated copy-writers and self-styled critics. 15 page 26 Nisha never felt at ease in the meetings of Anglo Indian Poets Association. There were some aspiring women members also in the group. Women like Chandni, Sujata, Pramila etc wanted to get name and fame in the field of journalism. These women wanted to get away from the clutches of domesticity and wanted to breathe in the fresh air. unrivaled such character is that of Sujata. Sujata was also a member of Gods poetry pattern group.She represents new women who fulfills all her homely duties and also doesnt forget her own interests. Shobha writes All of them-her timid h usband and four daughters, doted on her. However, she had made it plain that she had gone beyond them and that shed stopped playing wife and mother long ago. After fulfilling her duties as a wife and mother, Sujata decided to live her life on her own terms. She told her family My duties are over. They are on their own now, she would explain. I have played the roles I was expected to at the appropriate times. NowIm on my own. And they are on their own. This is my life. I want to live it my way. 16- Page 31 God appreciated Sujatas behaviour, he tells Nisha Whats wrong with her behaviour? She is beautiful, man, just beautiful. She follows her instincts. She makes her own rules. Shes not a coward. She cares two hoots for the supposed society. I admire her guts, yaar. 17page 31 Ultimately, God joined Plume magazine as sub-editor and felt delighted. The basic aim of Plume was to encourage young poets.Shobha de has very realistically portrayed womens protest against the prevalent sy stem which limits the scope of a womans life to mere day to day household chores. In this novel women like Sujata and Pratimaben do not accept their traditional roles in marriage. They detest world limited to the domestic chores. Extremely conscious of their changed role in family, they proclaim loudly, We are not only housekeepers after all, We are not mere housekeepers, after all. 18page 24 Some women are career conscious to the extent that they do not think in terms of a settled family.Manju, Vimla are the professionals in marketing field and are career oriented females. They represent the new age females writes Shobha De These were the no-nonsense women who had take me seriously written all over them.. They took their jobs with an earnestness that was almost terrifying in its intensity. Even the married ones insisted on being addressed as Ms or stuck to their maiden names. Their male colleagues were not permitted to crack jokes or flirt lightly. She writes further, Workaholi sm for women had become very fashionable. If men can hire careers ruthlessly, so can we, women declared at seminars and workshops for senior managers.. Postpone babies or ask your husband to share house work. 19page 119 These characters in Sultry Days have an altogether different outlook towards family and social life. In this context, Des feminist concerns in her fiction come close to the ideas expressed by Veena Noble Dass, literary works should show women in activities that are not traditionally feminine to speed the dissolution of rigid sex roles.It is not enough, however to simply place a female character in a new occupation, with no corresponding change in her personality and behaviour. 20 The modern woman aspire to exercise power and control the situation. Feroze and Kiki also fall in the category of the New Woman of the new era. Regarding Feroze Shobha De remarks Feroze was on her own in more ways than one. Enterprising manipulative and full of fantastical kind of cha rm, she got around to places most people only dreamt ofFeroze became a familiar and popular figure in filmdom in an incredibly short period She host her own car-she smoked foreign cigarettes. She traveled by planes. 21page 150 Nisha met Anil Bhandari, a young marketing guy whod just set up a hot-shop of his own after coming back from a long stint in America with one of the best marketing agencies. Anil was in his early thirties and mockingly referred to himself as a first generation yuppie. 22 page 76 He was a fine example of a modern educated young man with refined international tastes.He smelt of Aramisor Drakkar and used Studio Line gel in his hair, wore Warren Beatty glasses. Soon Anil was going around with a supermodel model Shona. Shona and Anil perfectly complemented each other. Once they were engaged Anil emerged as a typical male from a hypocrite society. He told Nisha In fact, Im going to ask Shona to give up modelling once were married. She wont need the money anyway. Nisha asked him Maybe theres more than money in it for her. Maybe she loves her career. She is right at the top now. Have you discussed it with her? Not yet. Im sure shell agree. Shes such an innocent docile girl. Anil said. What will she do with her time? Nisha asked him. Anil replied and asked Nisha What does any housewife do? Theres so much to do around the house. 23 page 109 As the novel progresses we see visible change in Gods attitude. From a small time poem writer and proofreader Deb starts working for an art magazine Plume. Having tasted power and money during his association with Plume, Gods sole interest is to acquire money and power. Although Nisha does not approve of Gods new way of life. She explains her utter repulsiveness to Gods new style of living which had begun sowing the seeds of discord and estrangement between them.She says No I didnt like what was happening to God at all. We were beginning to see less and less of each other now that he didnt need to touc h me for cash that often God was behaving like a mortal, like all the other journalists in the town, a bum who shamelessly sold his pieces for a fews pegs of scotch and a five-star evening 24 page 100 Nisha always looked for a loyal partner in Deb which Deb ceased to be, not because of his alliance with other women but because of their varied interests. Deb and Nishas relationship turned cold after the actor starts caring less and less for his self-respect.He turned out to be a typical man from a male dominated society. Deb has moved to his own place and required somebody to cook for him and look after his house. Nisha suggested him to get a maid. Deb very nonchalantly told her These maids-shaids are a hassle, yaar. I need my own woman. If you want, I dont mind a shaadi-waadi-I know that will make you feel better. Theek hai-we can be burgeois and go through with that marriage rubbish. You can cook, cant you? Can you fry puris without burning your fingers? Can you make rice that is nt sticky? Better to get all this straight from the start, hai na?No lafda later on Give me my daal-roti, a warm bed, twice-a-week maalish and a daily screw. Thats all I expect. Nisha was too stunned to respond to what she heard One part of me was laughing. The other, feeling sorry for this man. He was obviously deranged-or the worlds biggest egotist. He actually expected me to jump at this offer. He looked so comic. So vulnerable, standing in the lobby, trying to look nonchalant and heroic. 25- page 160 Gods sole interest in life was reduced to acquire money and power. Contrary to his attitude Nisha wants everything in life through sheer labor.Nisha had never expected this change in God and she failed to convince him as to he did not need to work for a political broker, he needed to trust the power of his pen, but all her efforts went in vain. As ill luck would have it, Deb became proud of his power and joins Yashwantbhai, a don. Gods new life style began to sow seeds of discord and estrangement between them. Nisha realizes that God was no longer the same person she had fallen in love with. Nisha tried her best to refrain Deb from associating with a criminal like Yashwantbhai but Deb had gone too far to come back.Nisha started exposing Yashwantbhai and his pit connections in her write-ups. Nishas bold action is supported by her mother and also by a social activist Pratimaben who unravels and brings to public notice Yashwantbahis atrocities on his former mistress, Pramila. Pramila is a fine example of a new age woman. Pramila is a Nagpur woman, her husband is in a well paid job, they have three children. Pramila is a talented poetry writer and to pursue her career in writing she leaves her family and moves to Mumbai. She shots to fame as soon as her poems are published in English.She administers a jolt to her husband when she divorces him and leaves the house along with her two daughters. She eventually meets Yashwantbhai and becomes her mistress. She beco mes avictim of his lust. She becomes pregnant with his child, Yashwantbhai forces her to get a sex check done for the unborn baby as he did not want a girl child. Knowing that the child is a girl Yashwantbhai abuses her and then it is God who helps her in going underground. Nisha, her mother, Pratimaben with Pramilas help expose Yashwant bhai.Ultimately, Deb has to pay for his association with Yashwant bhai, he is shot by Yashwantbhais goons and God collapses after struggling for a couple of days in hospital. When Dev is shot and admitted in the hospital, Nisha analyzes the life of ignorant and uneducated women of Bombay who never think of higher issues of life such as- What are the fundamental rights of a citizen? What is the interpretation of women liberation movement? What is secularism? Will women be free from the drudgery of the kitchen? What is the meaning of democratic socialism? Is socialism going to help women in any way?What is the importance of L. I. C in the life of a fa mily? Nisha thinks very realistically that these ignorant and simple-hearted women are not shot dead as they dont raise their voice against the underworld Dons. No threats are disposed(p) to them as they dont interfere with the working of politicians. But the women in Shobha Des novels are strong and confident. These women know what they want from life and how to achieve it. Nishas mother followed her husbands instructions through out her life but finally she raised her voice against his hypocrite nature and emerged a winner.Women in Sultry Days assert their free and autonomous existence, they dispute and fight against the established social order that threatens their existence. Bhaskar A Shukla observes It may be partly on account of her experience as a journalist that she is able to tell things interestingly and with a courage of conviction in a language uniquely her own. 26 Women in Sultry Days represent a modern, self-sufficient and financial independent woman. These women do not expect their male partners to provide them financial security.In fact, it is Nisha grants monetary favors to her boyfriend Deb for a long time. Sujata, Pramila, Pratimaben are women who do not wish to be enclosed in their homes, they wish to be free from the clutches of male dominated society. They show the courage to leave their houses and pursue their dreams and make a mark of their own. Binod Mishra remarks In Des novels womens desperate struggle for existence unfolds in their unconventional behaviour, their sexual escapades and their dream for a life free from male domination. 27 BIBLIOGRAPHY Sonia Ningthoujam, Image of the New Woman in the Novels of Shobha De. 2Shobha De, Selective MemoryStories From My Life, page 336 3Shobha De, Selective MemoryStories From My Life, page 336 4Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 2 5Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 2 6Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 5 7Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 13 8Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 14 9Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 17 10Sh obha De, Sultry Days, page 19 11Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 24 12Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 147 13Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 148 14Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 62 5Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 26 16Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 31 17Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 31 18Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 24 19Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 119 20Veena Noble Dass, ed. , Feminism and Literature, Feminism and Literature (Delhi Prestige Books, 1995), page 10 21 Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 150 22 Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 76 23 Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 109 24 Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 100 25 Shobha De, Sultry Days, page 160 26Bhaskar A Shukla, Shobha de The Writer and Feminism, page 114 27 Binod Mishra, Critical Responses to Feminism

Walmart

WAL-MARTS COST LEADERSHIP STRATEGY HISTORY OF WALMART ? 1962, Sam Walton starts WAL-MART ? In 5 grades expanded to 24 stores revenue more than 12. 6 million in sales ? 1972, listed in New York Stock Exchange MARKETS OF WAL-MART (2003) o Total Sale of Wal-mart o Total Retail Area o Total Employers US $ 313 Billion 663 Million Sq. ft. 1700,000 SALES & INCOME GROWTH (PAST 12 MONTH) association INDUSTRY SALES GROWTH INCOME GROWTH 12. 00% 5. 20% 11. 50% 5. 90% NET PROFIT MARGINS (%) COMPANY COMPANY 5YEAR AVG. INDUSTRY 3. 6% 3. 5% 3. 6% WAL-MART TO twenty-four hours ? Operates 6,500 stores in 15 countries ?Serves more than 176 million customers around the mankind ? Employs 1. 8 million worldwide ? Health plans insure more than 1 million people ? Saves the average American household more than $2,300 per year Let us start the journey. 1960s.. The Success Term was EDLP ? EVERY DAY LOW PRICING ? To provide customers a wide variety of high quality, branded and unbranded products at the lo west possible price, offering better economic value for their money EDLP The strategy ? To procure products in bulk at the lowest possible prices from the manufacturers ? Sharing the savings with customers ?Wal-Marts products were usually priced 20% lower than its competitors Wal-Marts advertisement describing EDLP said Because you work hard for your all dollar, you deserve the lowest price we can offer every time you make a purchase. You deserve our Every Day Low Price. Its not a sale its a great price you can count on every day to make your dollar go further at WalMart Explaining his pricing strategy Mr. Sam Walton said By cutting your price, you can boost your sales to a point where you earn far more at the cheaper retail price than you would have by selling the item at the higher price.In retail merchant language you can lower your markup but earn more because of the increased volume EDLP WAS A HIT ? This led to increase loyalty from priceconscious rural customers. ? The plain generated was re-invested in Building facilities of an efficient scale Purchasing modern business related equipment And employing the latest technology Other areas where the cost was checked ? The stores were set up in large buildings, while ensuring that the rent paid was minimal ? Not much emphasis was laid on the interiors of the store ? Did not invest in standardized ordering programmes ?Did not even have a standard distribution system in place ? Accounting data were manually written-up ? in that location was a high check in recruiting the staff 1970s. ? Wal-Mart became public-held federation ? Equipped with funds, it started reorganizationing its business activities. ? The foremost challenge was to put in place a standard distribution and interstore communication system ? So it came up with the most popular Hub And Spoke Structure The Hub And Spoke Structure ? Goods were centrally ordered ? Assembled at the distribution center (hub) ?From where they were dispatched to the individual stores (spokes) as per the orders received from stores. STORE STORE D. C. STORE STORE The benefits of Hub and Spoke structure ? Centralized purchase of goods in big quantities ? Distribution of them through its own fast and responsive logistics infrastructure to the retail stores ? By passing all intermediaries, they managed to get the goods at lowest price ? The company was able to replenish the store twice a week ? In 1978, Wal-Mart became the first company to establish a fullyautomated distribution centerClaude Harris once stated that codt ever feel sorry for a vendor. He always knows what he can sell, and we want his bottom price. We would tell the vendors dont commit in any room for a kickback because we dont do it here. Massive expansion strategy ? Strategy was to build stores around the distribution centers ? That is to be effectively served by the center and controlled by district managers and to management at Bentonville ? The store needs to be a max imum of a days drive away from the center Benefits of massive expansion strategy Wal-Mart was able to accelerate its revenue growth and reap significant economies of scale ? As the event of store increased the popularity of the company increased ? Since the company generated tremendous word of mouth publicity, it was able to minimize spending on advertising and promotion activities 1980s..Maintaining cost through re-investment ? In 1983, Wal-Mart ventured into the membership club business called Sams Club ? Installed the Point of Sale (POS) scanning system to further trim back the cost Maintaining cost through re-investment (contd. ) In 1987, it installed a Satellite Communication System (SCS) ? In December 1987, Wal-Mart opened its first hyper-mart in the US 1990s.. ? Supercenters and Sams club were more focused to fuel the growth ? In 1994, Wal-Mart bought 99 Pace membership warehouses Wal-Marts store count (1991-2003) Format________ year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Discount Sams club stores 1573 1720 1850 1953 1990 Super center 3 6 30 68 143 Neighbourhood markets 148 208 256 419 428 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 1995 1960 1921 1869 1801 1736 1647 433 436 443 564 721 888 1066 219 44 441 451 463 475 500 1 1 7 19 31 2003 1568 1258 525 49 Source Wal-Mart Annual Report 2003 ? Employed improved inventory management practices and upgraded its IT systems ? Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) AND THE RESULTS WERE penny-pinching. ? Amount of inventory reduced by an estimated $ 2 billion ? Savings of $ 150 million on interest cost were generated 2000s.. ? Wal-Mart launched a programme called Store of the community ? Global Sourcing was initiated (2002) Strengths of Wal-Mart Wal-marts SUBSIDIARIES Discount stores Neighbourhood market Sams Club Super centerYearly sales Total employees across the globe (approximately) Number of stores worldwide Number of new stores opened in 2003 (worldwide) Total number of suppliers Wal-Marts rank/position among all retailers acro ss the globe (in terms of sales) Number of pallets shipped by Wal-Mart truck every week (2002) Total occupied floor area of Wal-Mart (2002) Yearly advertising expenditure (2002) Highest one-day sales record coin bank date (November 28, 2003) Number of customers every week at Wal-Mart stores worldwide (approximately) Estimated market capitalization of Wal-Mart in 2020 Source Wal-Mart Annual Report 2003 244. 5 billion 1. 3 million 4,688 274 65,000 1 50 million 18. 3 square miles $498 million $1. 52 billion 138 million $11. 1 trillion Revenue (%) of the major consumer goods companies in the US through Wal-Mart Company P&G Tandy Brands Accessories RJR Tobacco Dials Del Monte Foods Clorox Revlons % Share (As a % of follow sales) 17 % 39 % 20 % 28 24 % 23 % 23 % Source BusinessWeek, October 2003 . and the journey still continues PRESENTED BY o o o o o o Prashant Wankhede Prajakta Sane R. Maruthi Yeshwanth Vikram Gharmalkar Mehul Chheda Nitin Agrawal

Republic Act No. 9293

Section 15. Qualification requirement of applicants.Number of units in professional culture required of non-education graduates. At least eighteen (18) units in professional educationSection 2. Section 26 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as followsSection 26. Registration and Exception.No person shall engage in teaching and/or act as a professional teacher as defined in this Act, whether in the preschool, elementary or secondary level, unless the person is a duly registered professional teacher, and a holder of a valid certificate of registration and a valid professional license or a holder of a valid peculiar(a)/temporary permit. Who can be issued a license without examination?A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the well-mannered Service Commission and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports or (b) A registered professional teacher with the National Board for Teachers under the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) pursuan t to presidential Decree No. 1006.What is required of teachers who have not practiced their profession for the past 5 years? Take at least twelve (12) units of education courses, consisting of a least six (6) units of pedagogy and six (6) units of context courses or the equivalent training and number of hours .What is the required rating for para-teachers? Not lower than louver percentage points from the passing general average rating. (The para-teachers shall be assigned to areas where there is a shortage or absence of a professional teacher)Other tha para-teacher, who else are empower to a special permit? A person who has excelled and gained international recognition and is a widelyacknowledged expert in his or her respective line of specialization.

Drug Abuse

Table of contents Introduction and purpose of question Literature review entropy collection sources Presentation, discussion and analysis of data Conclusion, limitations and recommendations Bibliography Appendices Introduction and purpose of research Drug abuse is a very prevalent and widespread problem in Trinidad and Tobago. It is the cause of many illegal activities in the country. This study is ge ard towards finding the causes and effects of drug abuse in teenagers in Rio Claro. The purpose of this study is to regain the causes and effects of drug abuse in Rio Claro.In this project the following research questions would be asked 1. What is drug abuse? 2. What atomic number 18 the causes and effects of drug abuse? 3. What are the strategies that could be implemented to curb drug abuse? This topic was chosen because the prevalence of drug abuse in my club is very high and it is of my spare interest because I would like to explore and understand the topic more. I am currentl y studying sciences at school and it is my fancy that studying this topic would further educate me about drug abuse as I would like to peruse a career in pharmacy.After this study is completed it is my hope that the research can be employ to benefit the members of my community and other researchers to help prevent drug abuse. Some of the terms used in this research project are 1. Drug abuse- substance abuse use of a substance that modifies mood or behavior in a manner characterized by a maladaptive pattern of use. 2. 3. Literature review Drug abuse is th Data collection sources Primary data was obtained from the questionnaire. The process of distributing this questionnaire was done by simple random sampling. 00 % of the questionnaires were given to people that were teenagers on Saturday 10th December 2012 at the Rio Claro community centre. The questionnaire was an excellent means of obtaining data as the data self-collected was first hand and there was no third party handling the data so there was less room for tampering. The disadvantages of using this were that people may be dishonest and some may not return questionnaire. Thirty people were asked to answer a questionnaire that consisted of 17 questions and thirty questionnaires were obtained at the end of the research. any the data was quantative.Secondary data was obtained via the internet, newspaper and books. The information obtained from the internet was used to obtain background information about the topic and to further answer the research question. Books were used to get proper definitions and to get the biological perspective of drug abuse. The data was helpful at it helped me to better understand the topic of drug abuse. Both sources contributed to a better understanding of the topic as knowledge was gained about the problem from both sources. Presentation, interpretation and discussion of findings 1. Do you go to church/mosque/temple? lots O Sometimes O Not at alone OGraph 2 showing types o f families that the candidates lived in The graph above shows the types of families that the candidates live in. more than half the candidates lived in single parent families, Graph 3 showing weather candidates go to church/mosque/temple Conclusion, limitations and recommendations Appendix 1 Questionnaire A pleasant good day. My foretell is Shenell Lal and I go to cowen Hamilton secondary school. For my Caribbean studies internal assessment I am studying drug abuse and its causes and effects in my community of Rio Claro. Your participation in answering the following questionnaire is greatly appreciated.The information collected is strictly confidential. Thank you in advance. Please tick the appropriate boxes and answer in the spaces provided. 1. How old are you? 10- 15 O 16-23 O 2. Gender Male O female O 3. Religion Hindu O other O Muslim O Christian O 4. What type of family do you live in? Single parent O Nuclear O Extended O Other O 5. Do you go to church/mosque/temple? Often O Sometimes O Not at all O 6. To what ethnic group do you belong? African descent OIndian descent O Chinese descent O Mixed descent O 7. Do you participate in community activities? Yes O no O If yes please state what 8. Do you play sports/ musical instruments? Yes O no O If yes please state what 9. Do you phone that the lack of an education can be one of the major causes of drug abuse? Yes O No O 10. Do you speak out that the schools, youth groups, clubs.. tc, is qualification a positive impact in trying to stop the levels of drug abuse? SCHOOLS Yes very much O Little O No, none at all O Yes much O Very little O YOUTH GROUPS Yes very much O Little O No, none at all O Yes much O Very little O CLUBS Yes very much O Little O No, none at all O Yes much O Very little O 11. What do you think are the level of which drugs are used in your village? menial O Medium O High O None at all O 12. How effective are the police in dealing with drugs in your village? Very much O Much O Little O V ery little O 13. What age group uses drugs the most in your village? 14 25 O 26 35 O 36 45 O 46+ O 14. Which one of the following would you consecrate can be the main cause of drug abuse in your village? Peer Pressure from friends O Poverty O Parents not ambit good examples O Lack of a proper education O 15.In your village please state in a percentage how many of the youths you think are affected by drugs compared to those who are not? 5 24% O 25 50% O 51 75% O 75 100% O 16. How does drug abuse affect the youths of your district in terms of causing fights and gang warfare? Yes Badly O Very regretful O No Not really O Not at all O 17. Have you ever used drugs? Yes O No O BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. http//medical-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/drug+abuse 2.

Biblical Criticisms

The Bible is unarguable the most circulated apply of all books in the world. It has been translated to several languages in different versions. The book has been described as the worlds best and most widely distributed book by the Guinness Book of Record. The Bible has been read by to a greater extent(prenominal) pile and published in more languages than any other book in history. It was estimated that within the period of 1815-1975 alone, 2. 5 billion copies sold.Record has also shown us that at the finale of 1993, the Bible has been fully translated into 337 different languages in the world while over 2,062 languages pass on translations of at least one book of the Bible. Due to its wide-spread influence, the Bible has been pen by various Bible societies for easier comprehension and from their revelations. This has resulted in some textual difference in these various versions of the Bible.The question is how can the original meaning of scriptures that sustain divergent textu al interpretations by these versions be known? The answer to this is Biblical criticism. What then is Biblical Criticism? In its simplest impress, this term is an umbrella term for the circumstantial study and appraisal of textual, compositional and historical questions of Biblical scriptures without recourse to revelation. It uses the canon of reason rather than and historical principles in its study.Summarily, the query inquisition made in biblical criticism concerns the preservation and transmission of biblical text and scriptures, this includes the manuscripts in which the text has been preserved, the date, its setting, its relationship, and what the most reliable form of the text is the source and composition of the text, together with when and where it was created, how, why, by whom, for whom, and in what situation it was created, what were the influence that were work when it was produced, and what sources were used in its composition and the message of the text as express ed in its language, including the meaning of the quarrel as well as the way in which they are arranged in meaningful forms of expression. There are different forms of biblical criticisms. Some of them have been in existence as far back as eighteenth century. The major types of biblical criticism are form criticism, textual criticism, philological criticism, literary criticism, traditional criticism.There are also forms of biblical criticisms that have come to existence over the years. They are the literary approach, social-scientific criticism, cultural hermeneutics under which is canonical criticism. For the purpose of this essay, more attention will be drawn on the more recent form biblical criticism the canonical criticism. Canonical criticism as the more recent form of biblical criticism is a form of cultural hermeneutic approach of biblical criticism that deals with the theological form of interpretation that puts into the bosom of its study the community background within wh ich the text was produced and from which it is to be read.It is a form of biblical criticism that deals with how scriptures final form was created in the context of a believing community and how the interpretations produced by that final form continually guides the reading practices such community. Canonical criticism as a form of biblical criticism has greatly affected biblical study in our world today. As a theological form of biblical study, it preaches that we ought to read volume from a universal perspective and not individualistically but as part of a worshiping community of fellow believers. It also seeks a practical finale in that it entails reading the Scripture not just for academic or aesthetic reasons but in order to inhabit its narrative, to have our imagination reborn to its values, and to promote love of God and neighbor. In addition to this, it serves as a historic framework.For canonical critics, we ought to read Scripture in conversation with previous generation s of believers, specially those of the pre-modern period. Reference Greenslade, S. L. , ed. Cambridge History of the Bible. New York Cambridge University Press, 1963. Gurthrie, D. Canon of Scripture, In the New International Dictionary of the Christian Church, Rev. ed. J. D. Douglas, ed. Grand Rapids Zondervan Publishing House, 1974. Kenyon, F. G. handbook to the textual Criticism of the New Testament, London Macmillan and Co. , 1901. Biblical criticism. (2008). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved March 28, 2008, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online http//www. britannica. com/eb/article-9079097Back to top

Math in Basketball Essay

When I am upset, all I crave is bacon. It seems to bring out the good in everything. The flip out is brighter when I eat bacon the grass is greener the glass is half full. Bacon just makes everything seem alright. I feel reenergized. Alert. Happy. Bacon is my substance of choice for mood-enhancement, as it optimally raises my dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine levels with no negative effects besides a little weight gain that is easily avoided by the addition of exercise. From an evolutionary stand point, bacon is the ideal food.Back in the day, before there were nutritionists and people ate to survive, cravings were responsible for encouraging the right balance of carbs to fats to proteins as well as the consumption of all necessary vitamins and minerals. Protein, which is put primarily in meat, proved to be one of the hardest nutrients for the ancient gentlemans gentleman being to find, since they would have to hunt animals in order to obtain it. Because of its importance to the humans diet and its difficulty to obtain, the reward system for proteins tends to be much stronger than that for any other nutrient.Carbs may result in an increased level of serotonin, scarce proteins release tyrosine into the blood stream which causes the release of massive amounts of dopamine, the feel-good neurotransmitter. Bacon also has a great fat to protein ratio. Fats are another crucial nutrient because they are efficaciously concentrated, stored carbs which can be converted into ATP for energy on a cellular level. Containing nine Calories of energy per gram, one gram of fat is enough to move an average person in an inactive, waking state for ten minutes, though it may only last me a few seconds when I am horseback riding my horse, Kaptain.This means that the average slice of bacon can sustain the average person for about one whole hour. Maybe twenty-four slices of bacon a day is not the most healthy diet, due to its lack of carbs, vitamins, and minerals, but on a sad, dreary, rainy day, that is pretty close to what I would eat. I would probably add both(prenominal) eggs, pastries, orange juice, and multi-vitamins to the mix in order to have a more balanced diet, but I would definitely feel pretty comforted and happy. incisively thinking about a warm, crunchy, greasy, delicious plate of bacon with a side of steaming chocolate chip pancakes is triggering my lateral hypothalamus. My pituitary gland is already presentment my mouth to water, my stomach to growl and prepare digestive enzymes, and releasing the hunger hormone ghrelin. Today may not be a sad, dreary, or rainy day, but I am still craving bacons crunchy goodness. Luckily, I can somewhat control my bacon cravings and I have a fast metabolism, or else Im sure my horse would be suffering from intense back problems.

Multiple Choice Questions

CH 1 Answers two-fold survival Questions 1. E 8. E 15. E 2. E 9. E 16. A 3. E 10. C 17. D 4. E 11. E 18. E 5. D 12. A 6. B 13. D 7. E 14. E CH 2 Answers duplex extract Questions 1. C 11. B 21. E 2. C 12. E 22. A 3. B 13. E 23. C 4. B 14. E 24. D 5. D 15. B 25. C 6. E 16. D 26. A 7. A 17. D 27. D 8. D 18. E 28. B 9. A 19. C 10. D 20. E CH 3 Answers Multiple option Questions 1 B 9. B 17. D 2. C 10. A 18. E 3. B 11. A 19. C 4. D 12. B 20. D 5. E 13. D 21. C 6. A 14. A 7. C 15. D 8. E 16. A CH 4 Answers Multiple excerpt Questions 1 B 9. B 17. D 2. C 10. A 18. E 3. B 11. A 19. C 4. D 12. B 20. D 5. E 13. D 21. C 6. A 14. A 7.C 15. D 8. E 16. A 9. D 18. B CH 5 Answers Multiple resource Questions 1. E 11. B 21. C 2. B 12 B 22. A 3. C 13. B 23 B 4. C 14. E 24 A 5. B 15. E 25. C 6. B 16. C 26. E 7. D 17. D 27. B 8. A 18. A 28. A 9. B 19. D 29. D 10. B 20. A solvings 16. Solution mathematical function comparability (5-4) (. 32 . 30)/. 30 x (360/180) = 13. 3% 17. Solution drop equi valence (5-4) (. 30 . 32)/. 32 x (360/180) = -12. 5% 18. Solution cross vaga alliance . 28/. 86 = . 3256 19. Solution cross number DM. 31/FF FF1/DM. 31 = FF3. 23/DM FF3. 23/$. 35 = FF9. 228/$ 20. Solution riding habit Equation (5-1) (. 0045 . 0035)/. 0035 = 29% 21. Solution exercising Equation (5-8) (. 864 S)/S) x (360/90) = . 10 . 04 S = . 3807 22. Solution use Equation (5-6). Remember that Cr$3342. 63 = $0. 0002991. new exchange put = $0. 0002991(1 + . 05)/(1 + . 90) = $. 0001652/Cr$ or Cr$1/$. 0001653 = Cr$6053. 27/$ 23. Solution occasion Equation (5-7) nominal rate = real rate + inflation rate. nominal rate = 5% + 4% = 9% Solution invest in the U. S. $10,000 x 1. 01 = $10,100 invest in the U. K. and cover in the forward market. buy pounds at the present spot rate $10,000/1. 8 = ? 5,555 invest in the U. K ? 5,555 x 1. 015 = ? 5,638 sell pounds forward ? 5,638 x 1. 8 = $10,036 The investor would crystallise $64 more by investing in the United States instead of the Unite d Kingdom. 25. Solution use Equation (5-8) and discharge for the forward rate (F 1. 800)/1. 800 x (360/90) = 0. 04 0. 06 F = ? 1. 809 26. Solution use Equation (5-8) and solve for the U. K. interest rate. (1. 780 1. 800)/1. 800 x (360/90) = 0. 04 if if = 0. 084 27. Solution exercise Equation (5-1). % Change = (0. 68 0. 64)/0. 64 = 0. 0625 or 6. 25% 28. Solution Converting the above example into indirect quotations, the Swiss franc changes from 1. 5625 francs to 1. 4706 francs.Use Equation (5-2) to solve this problem. % Change = (1. 5625 1. 4706)/1. 4706 = 6. 25% 29. Solution Use Equation (5-3). Spread = (0. 68 0. 64)/0. 64 = 0. 0625 or 6. 25% CH 6 Answers Multiple Choice Questions 1. E 10. E 19. B 2. E 11. B 20. E 3. E 12. E 21. E 4. B 13. A 22. C 5. C 14. A 23. D 6. E 15. D 24. A 7. C 16. C 25. B 8. B 17. D 9. B 18. A Solutions 16. $ grade = $0. 50 x DM10,000,000 = $5,000,000 17. investing =? 62,500 x $1. 65 x 0. 02 = $2,062. 50 Profit = ? 62,500 ($1. 67 $1. 65) = 1,250 Rate of return = (1,250/2,062. 50) x (12/6) = 121% 18. say-so clams = $1. 65 $1. 62 = $0. 3 19. Potential loss = $1. 62 $1. 65 = -$0. 03 20. Buy knell options on March 19 -$0. 04 Exercises the option on September 19 -$0. 80 Sell the pounds on September 19 +$0. 92 dough profit as of September 19 +$0. 08 Net profit for three contracts = Can$150,000 x $0. 08= $12,000 21. Total loss = Can$150,000 x $0. 04 = $6,000 22. Intrinsic value = $0. 16 $0. 15 = $0. 01 23. Breakeven point = $1. 75 + $0. 07 = $1. 82 24. Total receipts = FF10,000,000 x $0. 20 = $2,000,000 total exchange premium = FF10,000,000 x $0. 05 =$ 500,000 net receipts = $1,500,000 25. Breakeven point = $0. 70 $0. 05 = $0. 65 CH 7Answers Multiple Choice Questions 1. E 10. C 19. C 2. E 11. B 20. B 3. E 12. B 21. D 4. C 13. A 22. E 5. E 14. B 23. A 6. A 15. B 24. C 7. E 16. C 25. D 8. A 17. E 26. A 9. C 18. A 27. D Solutions 20. $7,500,000 x (0. 082 0. 08) = $15,000. 21. $15,000 x the annuity sack factor of $1 for 5 ye ars at 8 pct = $15,000 x 3. 993 = $59,895. 22. You will invite a total of $30,000 for the first two years $7,500,000 x (0. 082 0. 080) x 2. The new floating rate that you will receive 8. 2% -1. 5% = 6. 7%. You will pay a total of $292,500 for the put up three years $7,500,000 x (0. 67 0. 08) x 3 years. Thus, your net payment over the flipper years will be -$262,500 ($30,000 $292,500). 23. $500,000 x SFr1. 4 = SFr700,000. 24. $500,000 x 0. 09 = $45,000. 25. $500,000 x (0. 09 0. 08) = $5,000. 26. SFr700,000 (1. 08) = SFr756,000. 27. $500,000 (1. 09) = $545,000. CH 8 Answers Multiple Choice Questions 1. E 9. E 17. D 2. C 10. A 18. D 3. E 11. D 19. A 4. D 12. E 20. C 5. E 13. C 21. E 6. D 14. E 22. C 7. E 15. D 23. C 8. B 16. C 24. E Solutions 18. Use Equation (8-1) % Change = ( 0. 70 0. 65 ) / 0. 65 = 7. 69% 19. Use Equation (8-2) % Change = ( 0. 65 0. 0 ) / 0. 70 = -7. 14% 20. Use Equation (8-1) % Change = ( 0. 44 0. 40 ) / 0. 40 = 10% 21. Use Equation (8-3) Predicted Rate = $0. 4 x ( 1 + 0. 05 ) / ( 1 + 0. 03 ) = $0. 4078 22. ( 0. 4400 0. 4078 ) / 0. 4078 = 7. 9% 23. Use Equation (8-5) Predicted Rate = $0. 50 x ( 1 + 0. 12 ) 5 / ( 1 + 0. 08 ) 5 = $0. 5997 CH 9 Answers Multiple Choice Questions 1. B 10. D 19. C 2. E 11. D 20. D 3. D 12. A 21. A 4. C 13. A 22. A 5. E 14. E 23. C 6. E 15. E 24. D 7. C 16. A 8. E 17. C 9. D 18. B Solutions 12. Call option = ? 50,000 x $1. 7 = $85,000 Spot transaction = ? 50,000 x $1. = $90,000 Thus, the U. S. company should exercise the option. 16. Net Exposure = Ps300 gazillion Ps200 million = Ps100 million Gain or loss = $0. 0001 x (-Ps100 million)= $10,000 17. (Expected amount) $15 million (actual amount) $14 million = exchange loss of $1 million 18. (Profit after taxes) ? 50 million + (depreciation) ? 10 million = (cash flows from operation) ? 60 million Exchange gain or loss = ? 60 million x $0. 02 = $1. 2 million 19. Gain or loss = $15 million x 3 = $45 million 20. ( 1. 8090 1. 800 ) / 1. 8000 x 360 / 90 = 0. 08 0. 1 0. 02 = 0. 02 21. irect loan credit swap 50,000y + (250,000y 500,000) = 50,000y + 50,000 y = 2. 2 22. $value = $2. 02 x ? 10,000 = $20,200 23. 1) borrow ? 9,709 (10,000/1. 03) 2) buy $19,515 (? 9709 x $2. 01) 3) invest $19,515 in the U. S. at 2% 4) receive $19,905 ($19,515 x 1. 02) 24. Call option = ? 50,000 x $1. 7 = $85,000 CH 10 Answers Multiple Choice Questions 1. E 10. D 19. e 2. E 11. E 20. E 3. C 12. E 21. D 4. B 13. D 22. A 5. E 14. D 23. E 6. E 15. E 7. D 16. E 8. E 17. B 9. E 18. C CH 11 Answers Multiple Choice Questions 1. B 9. A 17. B 2. B 10. B 18. E 3. E 11. D 19. B 4. E 12. D 20. C 5. B 13. A 21.D 6. D 14. E 22. E 7. B 15. A 8. D 16. C CH 12 Answers Multiple Choice Questions 1. E 10. B 19. C 2. A 11. A 20. D 3. E 12. C 21. D 4. E 13. C 22. B 5. B 14. B 23. D 6. D 15. E 24. C 7. D 16. E 25. C 8. E 17. E 9. E 18. A CH 13 Answers Multiple Choice Questions 1. C 8. C 15. E 2. A 9. D 16. A 3. D 10. E 17. D 4. E 11. C 18. B 5. D 12. B 19. E 6. D 13. B 20. B 7 . D 14. D 21. D CH 14 Answers Multiple Choice Questions 1. E 11. E 21. D 2. D 12. E 22. E 3. E 13. B 23. C 4. E 14. A 24. B 5. A 15. B 25. A 6. A 16. C 26. D 7. B 17. B 27. D 8. B 18. E 28. C 9. E 19. C 10. D 20. A Solutions 25. Solution U. S. nvestment earns 1 percent. Percentage change in mark = ($0. 40 $0. 50)/$0. 50 = -20%. German investment loses 18. 8 percent (1 + 0. 015)(1 + (- 0. 20) 1 = -18. 8%. 26. Solution Convert DM100,000 to $50,000 at $0. 50 rate. Invest $50,000 in the U. S. at 11 percent. ($50,000 x 1. 11 = $55,500) Reconvert dollars to marks. ($55,500/$0. 46 = DM120,652) Yield = (DM120,652 DM100,000)/DM100,000 = 20. 65%. 27. Solution Use Equation (14-1). 0. 10 = (1 + 0. 13)(1 + ie) 1 solve the equation for ie (percentage depreciation). ie = (1 + 0. 10/(1 + 0. 13) 1 = -2. 65%. 28. SolutionUse Equation (14-1). 0. 09 = (1 + 0. 60)(1 + ie) 1 solve the equation for ie (percentage depreciation). ie = (1 + 0. 09)/(1 + 0. 60) 1 = -31. 88%. CH 15 Answers Multiple Choic e Questions 1. B 9. A 17. D 2. E 10. E 18. A 3. D 11. B 19. E 4. E 12. D 20. A 5. A 13. B 21. A 6. E 14. B 22. B 7. A 15. E 23. E 8. B 16. C 24. A Solution 20. Use Equation (15-2) R = . 07 + (. 15 . 07) 1. 4 = 18. 2% 21. Use Equation (15-2) R = . 05 + (. 11 . 05) 1. 2 = 12. 2% 20% 22. Use Equation (15-4) Rp = (. 4) (. 12) + (. 6) (. 20) = 16. 8%. 23. Use Equation (15-4) 0. 17 = (0. 60) (Rus) + (0. 40) (0. 20). Rus = 15%. 4. Average price = (40 + 50 + 60) / 3 = $50. Use Equation (15-1) for the standard deviation Standard deviation = ( 40 50 ) 2 + ( 50 50 ) 2 + ( 60 50 ) 2 / ( 3 1 ) ? =$10. 1. The coefficient of variation = 10 / 50 = 0. 20. CH 16 Answers Multiple Choice Questions 1. E 11. A 21. C 2. B 12. C 22. E 3. B 13. D 23. C 4. E 14. E 24. B 5. A 15. B 25. B 6. C 16. D 26. B 7. C 17. B 27. A 8. B 18. E 28. E 9. D 19. C 10. C 20. A CH 17 Answers Multiple Choice Questions 1. A 11. D 2. D 12. E 3. B 13. E 4. B 14. E 5. D 15. A 6. E 16. B 7. C 17. A 8. C 18. C 9. B 19. A 10 . A Solutions 15. ayback period = 1 + (15,000 8,000)/9,000 = 1. 8 years. 16. NPV = $8,000/(1. 12) + $9,000/(1. 12)2 + $10,000/(1. 12)3 + $10,000/(1. 12)4 -$ 15,000 = $13,433. 17. NPV = $8,000/(1. 20) + $9,000/(1. 20)2 + $10,000/(1. 20)3 + $10,000/(1. 20)4 -$ 15,000 = $9,002. 18. Year 1 DM12,000,000 x $0. 60 = $ 7,200,000 Year 2 DM30,000,000 x $0. 60 = $18,000,000 Net present value = $7,200,000/(1. 18) + $18,000,000/(1. 18)2 $8,000,000 = $11,029,015. 19. NPV = $900 (0. 75)/(1. 06) + $1,000(0. 55) /(1. 06)2 + $1,400(0. 35)/(1. 06)3 -$ 1,400 = $138. CH 18 Answers Multiple Choice Questions 1. D 10.C 19. E 2. C 11. C 20. B 3. D 12. E 21. E 4. E 13. B 22. C 5. B 14. B 23. B 6. C 15. E 24. E 7. B 16. A 25. D 8. D 17. A 26. E 9. B 18. E 27. A 28. D Solutions 21. Use Equation (18-2) Cost of joint stock = 4 / 54 + . 09 = 16. 4% 22. Use Equation (18-5) Cost of bond = . 124 (1 . 40) = 7. 4% 23. Use Equation (18-1) Cost of capital = (120,000/200,000). 164 + (80,000/200,000). 074 = 12. 8% 24. Use Equation (18-3) Cost of common stock = 0. 06 + (0. 08 0. 06) 1. 2 = 8. 4%. 25. Use Equation (18-6) The before-tax cost of debt = 0. 30 x 0. 85 0. 15 = 0. 105. After-tax cost of debt = 0. 105 (1 0. 35) = 6. 3% 26. Use Equation (18-4) The cost of common stock = 1 / 25 = 4%. 27. If you rearrange Equation (18-2) for the market price of justice, you will have market price = dividend / (cost of equity annual dividend growth rate) = $1. 2 / (0. 20 0. 04) = $7. 50. 28. Solve Equation (18-2) for the market price of equity Because the dividend per destiny is $2. 40 ($4. 00 x 0. 60), market price of the stock = $2. 4 / (0. 12 0. 05) = $34. 29. CH 19 Answers Multiple Choice Questions 1. E 11. E 2. D 12. A 3. D 13. E 4. A 14. A 5. D 15. D 6. A 16. E 7. E 17. D 8. E 18. C 9. C 19. C 10. D 20. A

Marketing Plan of Ffm

BTEC EDEXCEL HND DIPLOM IN BUSINESS (MANAGEMENT & HUMAN RESOURCES) OFFERD BY INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND engine room grocery store PLAN UNIT 4 marketing PRINCIPLES ADHUHAM RASHEED BM 41 CITY CAMPUS SUBMITED TO MS. INOKA GUNARATHNE DATE OF entry selling PRINCIPLES Acknowledgement private It is an honor to thank Mr. Mohamed Waheed Managing Director of Felivaru Fisheries Company, whos encouragement, guidance and support from the sign to the final level enabled to develop an understanding of the current situation about the conjunction and market. Adhuham reticular activating systemheed BM/C/41/22 summon I trade PRINCIPLES Executive Summary idiosyncratic Felivaru Fisheries Company (FFC), a tilt merchandise company located in Maldives, has been in business for 39 years exporting canned tuna for all over the world. During the time the company has built strong image in some(prenominal) world-wide market and home(prenominal) market. However recently the company has been separated from the mformer(a) company (MIFCO) and established as a invigorated company. With this change the company has diversified its proceedsion line by introducing fast f atomic round 18 items. For the upcoming 40th Anniversary Felivaru is planning to launch a impudently produce to internal market. Felivaru Lobster Bisque which is a soup of French origin as the original founders of the company was French. The soup has been modified to the taste of Maldives by replacing the whine with a tender secret rule found by Felivaru researchers. Felivaru believes that this new proceeds would increase the market address of the company and would be a HIT in domestic market. BM/C/41/22 varlet II MARKETING PRINCIPLES 1 2 Contents soulfulness Introduction . 1 2. 1 2. Vision .. 1 Mission 1 convergence 1 damage . keep seek 3 Ras Ainu.. 4 Fertilizers 5 dimension . Promotion.. 7 3 menstruation market position of Felivaru 1 3. 1 3. 2 3. 2. 1 3. 2. 2 3. 2. 3 3. 3 3. 4 4 5 securities industry overview .. 7 SWOT 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 5. 4 5. 5 Strength .. 7 Weakness .. 7 Opportunities 8 Threats. Key issues and opportunities 8 Issues . 8 Opportunities. 8 Political and legal factors .. Economic factors .. 9 Social and Cultural factors 9 Technological factors .. 9 doorkeepers five forces manikin .. 0 Competitor Rivalry High .. 10 Potential entrant (Threat of new entrance) belittled . 10 Suppliers low .. 10 Buyers racy . 10 rogue III 5. 5. 1 5. 5. 2 6PEST .. 9 6. 1 6. 2 6. 3 6. 4 7 Competitors Analysis .. 10 7. 1 7. 1. 1 7. 1. 2 7. 1. 3 7. 1. 4 BM/C/41/22 MARKETING PRINCIPLES 7. 1. 5 8 9 10 10. 1 10. 2 10. 3 10. 4 10. 5 10. 6 10. 7 10. 8 The treat to substitute high .. 10 singleAssumptions. 10 Objective 10 Strategy . 11 Brief description about scheme .. 1 Target market 11 Positioning statement 11 Branding Strategy .. 11 Product Strategy .. 2 Pricing Strategy 12 dissemination Strategy . 12 Promotional strategy . 12 Sponsorship . 2 Conclusion .. 13 References 14 Appendix .. 15 10. 8. 1 11 12 13 FIGURES jut 1 Product mix of felivaru . Figure 2 current scattering grow in domestic market 6 Figure 3 International Distribution net income . 6 TABLES evade 1 Price list of Felivaru and competitor (MIFCO) . 3 Table 2 discount determine on bulk buying from Felivaru .. Table 3 Price list of Felivaru and competitor (ARI Maldives) 4 Table 4 monetary valuelist of Felivaru and competitor (THAI FISH, THILAND) 5 BM/C/41/22 Page IV MARKETING PRINCIPLES 2 Introduction INDIVIDUAL Felivaru Fisheries Maldives Ltd (FFM) was in the business of manufacturing and exporting canned fish (fishing industry) for the past 39 years in assorted brand images. However the company, was re-branded as Felivaru Fisheries Maldives in June cc9 after separating from the Mformer(a) company MIFCO.Science then the company has diversified its labor line by introducing fast food items, specially Ras Ainu intersections. The 100% government owned company has t he capacity of processing more(prenominal) than 40 mega tons of canning and cooked glacial lions with the help of a cannery which has the capacity of canning 30 tons of raw fish in 8 hours change (operate in 3 shift daily) and a fish plant which could produce 40 Mega tons of pith daily. At present 7 vessels are been utilise to collect fish from all over the Maldives and been stored in fish storage capable of storing total 650 t champions (Felivaru, 2010). 2. Vision To become the spark advance fish processing and Distribution Company in Maldives, for both local and multinational markets, finished of importtaining high quality and achieving total client satisfaction. (Felivaru, 2010) 2. 2 Mission We are committed to quality fish products, produced from sustainability caught fish, which will enhance customer satisfaction, through our constant ISO- certified and HACCP complaint system. We are in any case dedicated to becoming the close profitable leading global provider of a variety of healthy fresh and frozen fish products. (Felivaru 2010) 3 Current market position of Felivaru 3. Product The products of Felivaru can be divided in to 3 different product lines yelld as Ras Ainu, canned fish and fertilizers. The details of these lines are being show in a figure 1 on next page as the product mix of Felivaru. BM/C/41/22 Page 1 MARKETING PRINCIPLES Figure 1 Product mix of felivaru Felivaru INDIVIDUAL Ras Ainu put up Fish Fertilizers Thera fana Rihaakuru (fish paste) Valhoo mas (Dried fish) Foni ma gulha Disku Roshi Mas mirus (chili paste) Foni kaaja Foni roshi Theluli banbnukeyo Kulhi uvaali Kulhi kaaja Athu jeheli Havaadhu (curry powder) Kukulhu (chicken) Mas (fish) Lonumirus (chilies) tuna fish steaks In embrocate In olive crude oil In sunflower oil In spring body of pee In brine Tuna chucks In oil In olive oil In sunflower oil In spring water In brine Fish meal BM/C/41/22 Page 2 MARKETING PRINCIPLES By analyzing the market share of products in the R as Ainu product line Rihaakuru, INDIVIDUAL Foni kaaja, Theluli forbiddancebukeyo, Kulhi kaaja, Athu jeheli and Havaadhu can be considered as a Hit each capturing more than 60% of market share becoming the leaders in the market.Although this both Thera fana and Foni ma gulha were just able to gain enough market share to be the market challenger by obtaining a market share of 25% to 30% each while Disku, Roshi and Kulhi uvaali can be considered as a Flop unable to secure more than 10%. Moving on to canned fish product line Tuna steaks in head word can be considered as the King of European market gaining solid 39% market share. simultaneously other steaks products also became market competitors by acquiring a market share of more than 19%. In domestic market tuna chucks in brain has ruled counting the number to a superb 60%.Other chunks products also have a market share of more than 30% barely tuna chunks in olive oil, which only could capture a market share of 7%. Felivaru is the o ne and only producer of fish meal in the domestic market. Due to the fact of its preemptive wages they were able to gain a perfect 100% in domestic market. However in foreign market Felivaru fish meal could only gain 16% of market share. 3. 2 Price preserve fish 3. 2. 1 For the products exciting in canned fish product line, there are many competitors competing in the market.Due to the fact of this economy pricing policy has been applied to the products in this product line. hold Canned Tuna glob in Oil 48can/ movement Canned Tuna Chunk in seawater 48can/Case Canned Tuna Chunk in spring water 48can/Case Canned Tuna Chunk in olive Oil, 48can/Case Canned Tuna Chunks in sunflower oil 48can/Case Canned Tuna Steak in Spring water 24Can/Case Canned Tuna Steak in chromatic Oil 24Can/Case Canned Tuna Steak in Oil 24Can/Case Canned Tuna Steak in Brine 24Can/Case Canned Tuna Steak in sun flower oil 24Can/Case Felivaru expenditure 817 756 864 912 888 435 456 423 393 444 Competitors pric e 817 756 864 912 888 435 456 423 393 444Table 1 Price list of Felivaru and competitor (MIFCO) BM/C/41/22 Page 3 MARKETING PRINCIPLES Table 1 shows the prices of Felivaru and MIFCO (the major competitor) in the market. Their re no such divergence in the prices of products in canned fish product line. However it is companys policy to consume discounts on bulk buyers. The discounted price is shown in table 2 below. NAME Canned Tuna Chunk in Oil 48can/Case Canned Tuna Chunk in Brine 48can/Case Canned Tuna Chunk in spring water 48can/Case Canned Tuna Chunk in olive Oil, 48can/Cs Case Canned Tuna Chunks in sunflower oil 48can/Case 100-249 cases 813. 20/751. 49/860. 37/910. 19/885. 1/250-499 cases 809. 21/747. 80/856. 70/908. 89/883/11/500-999 cases 808. 22/744. 12/854. 10/905. 67/880. 78/- INDIVIDUAL 1000&cases 797. 25/736. 75/852. 60/903. 98/878. 18/- Table 2 discount price on bulk buying from Felivaru 3. 2. 2 of competitors. NAME Felivaru price Competitors price Ras Ainu To the prod ucts in the Ras Ainu product line currently prices are been supercharged quite high out-of-pocket to lack Thera fana Rihaakuru (fish paste) Valhoo mas( semi dried fish) Foni ma gulha Disku Roshi Mas mirus (chili paste) Foni kaaja Foni roshi Theluli banbnukeyo Kulhi uvaali Kulhi kaaja Athu jeheli Kukulhu (chicken) Mas (fish) Lonumirus (chilies) 0 GRM cd GRM kg 75 GRM 5 PCS/PKT 10 PCS/PKT 82 GRM 180 GRM long hundred GRM 75 GRM 200 GRM 200 GRM 220 GRM 115 GRM 115 GRM 115 GRM 10. 50/250/127. 50/14/9/6/22. 50/17/12. 50/14. 82/21. 50/25/23/23. 50/23. 50/23. 50/- 9/250/120/15/9/5/20/15/12/13. 50/21. 50/23. 50/22/23/23/23/- Table 3 Price list of Felivaru and competitor (ARI Maldives) Table 3 shows that most of the prices of Felivaru product are grater then competitors. However as mentioned early in 3. 1 Felivaru is the market leader. The reason for this is competitors do non have BM/C/41/22 Page 4 MARKETING PRINCIPLES enough take capacity to supply.However when MIFCO comes to the marke t on second quarter with their mass production capacity the supply would be increased forcing Felivaru to reduce the price in clubhouse to remain as a market leader INDIVIDUAL 3. 2. 3 Fertilizers A different pricing policy give awayd sixth sense pricing strategy is been castoff on fertilizers. In 2010 the prices has been set relatively low in order to rend new customers and gain more market share. The minute this goal was achieved the price has been increased in different phases. NAME Fishmeal 25? KG/BAG Felivaru price 250 Competitors price 280Table 4 pricelist of Felivaru and competitor (THAI FISH, THILAND) 3. 3 Place At the present only tuna chunks products and fertilizers are being exported. The main markets for those products are there in Asia and Europe while all other product excluding chucks product are been sold in domestic market. Currently in international market products are been available on selective areas according to demand. though this in domestic market, Felivar u products can be purchased from more or less each and e very(prenominal) retailer outlet shape up consumer residence. thitherfore it can be cogitate that intensive distribution is being used in domestic market.In domestic market three distribution routs are being used as distribution network which has been shown next page in figure 2 BM/C/41/22 Page 5 Figure 2 current distribution roots in domestic market MARKETING PRINCIPLES INDIVIDUAL COMPANY OWN SHOP (FELIVARU MAS FIHAARA) COMPANY (FELIVARU) COMPANY (FELIVARU) WHOLESAILERS (STO) RETAILERS Concumer RETAILERS CONCUMERS CONCUMERS However a different distribution network is been used to distribute products to international market which is been shown below in figure 3 Figure 3 International Distribution networkCOMPANY (FELIVARU) AGENTS WHOLESAILERS RETAILERS CONCUMERS Distribution network used both by Felivaru and MIFCO (Major competitors) is almost analogous. BM/C/41/22 Page 6 MARKETING PRINCIPLES 3. 4 Promotion INDIVIDUAL At th e moment Felivaru use advertising as the primary method of promotion. However sales promotion are also been done to attract consumers. The main mean of advertising currently used is television advertisement. In domestic market the advertisement are currently pushovered from four different TV blank space (TVM, VTV, Dhi TV, and Raaje TV) for at least 6 times a day.Also Felivaru is the main sponsors of TVM news program which is on air for 5 times a day and a show which is considered as a hit. 4 Market overview Except Disku, Roshi, and Kulhi uvaali all other product mix is handlely to provide opportunities, however those products Disku, Roshi and Kulhi uvaali has al urinate considered as flops. Therefore its better to stop the production of those products and concentrate on new product to deputize it. 5 SWOT 5. 1 5. 2 Strength 44 years of arrive in producing and exporting canned fish (Felivaru, 2010). Heavily know in domestic market.The quality of the product match EU st andard and many other international standards. Existing plant can be used for production of fast food items in export quality. Enjoys bring out change over inside EU zone. There is a huge brand loyalty for our canned fish (Tuna chunks) in domestic market. The one and only get of Fish meal in domestic market. Weakness Huge competition with competitors in both international and domestic market. Recently separated from the mother company MIFCO and has been formed as a new company, due to the fact the company has non yet been well structured.Felivaru has little or no experience at all in international market for selling fast food. Existing 7 vessels are not enough to collect fish from atolls of Maldives. BM/C/41/22 Page 7 MARKETING PRINCIPLES line. 5. 3 Opportunities The supply network of oil and water often gets delay, ca utilise a halt in production INDIVIDUAL The 8 countries of SAARC nation are going to establish a free trade ring in between SAARC. Felivaru has an advantage of dominating the market of canned fish in this free trade ring. Printing the labels in their same factory instead of out sourcing it to local printing presses.Increase the number of fish collecting vessel, which could lead an increase in supply of raw-fish, 5. 4 5. 5 Threats The number of fish caught all over the Maldives has been dropping over the past years science 2007 ( please refer appendage 2) The price of Diesel continues to raise, which had a direct effect on the price of rawfish (please refer appendix 3) The price of Euro () continues to depreciate against Maldivian currency science 2008, reducing the revenue generated in (RF) rufiyaa (please refer appendix 4) Fake product in the spend a penny of Felivaru Key issues and opportunities Issues . 5. 1 Needs to go under a restructuring program to call up a solution of not being well structured The companys existing 7 vessels are not enough to collect fish from atolls of Maldives which is spread over 90,000 Square Km. Th erefore both more vessels re needed collect fish or could bullied some collection stations in few areas with a storage facility and the existing vessels can be used to transport the cool fish from station to factory in Felivaru. 5. 5. 2 Opportunities Legal action can be taken against sellers who sells fake product in their out let under both international natural law and new copy right law established early this year. Also awareness program through obligatory mean could be done to consumer how to BM/C/41/22 Page 8 MARKETING PRINCIPLES identify the fake product. This way could stop the selling and buying of fake products in the name of Felivaru. INDIVIDUAL Could find new suppliers without depending on one. 6 6. 1 PESTPolitical and legal factors Frequent increase on the lot of GST Exporting lobster meat is prohibited (Visahq, 2012) Foreign vessels doing fishing in Maldives is banned under EPA Fishing law number 87/5 Article 5 (A) (EPA, 2011) Catching pregnant lobsters and young lobsters ( less than 25 CM) banned (EPA 2011) Frequent changes in Government Only pole and line fishing can be used to catch fish outside the reef of island Economic factors The economy is dependent on touristry All most all the products consume in Maldives are been imported from other countries . 2 6. 3 6. 4 Social and Cultural factors Growing number of bulk who believe womens should not go for work People dont like to work in labor industries Most of the people are educated and more than 95% of people know how to read and write. Majority of people like western food and their invigoration style Technological factors There is not much growth or change in the industry Internet is becoming popular BM/C/41/22 Page 9 MARKETING PRINCIPLES 7 Competitors Analysis 7. 1 Porters five forces model 7. 1. 1 Competitor Rivalry High INDIVIDUALExisting companies in the canned fish industry is facing competition from both domestic and international brands which lead to increase prom otional represent. 7. 1. 2 Potential entrant (Threat of new entrance) low The flagellum of new entrant is low as huge investment is needed to set up a fish canning factory and run it. 7. 1. 3 Suppliers low Bargaining power of Suppliers will be low as there are many suppliers in the market who could supply the water and oil used in the production. Also there are thousands of fishing vessels in the country. 7. 1. 4 Buyers highThe bargaining power of suppliers would be high as there are many substitutes available in the market. 7. 1. 5 The treat to substitute high There are substitutes from other companies like MIFCO which has little or no difference. 8 Assumptions Felivaru expects to increase the collection of fish from the new boats or fish collecting station which would increase the production by 10% to 20%. With the help of this increase in production it is expected to increase the export of chunks by 15%. The prices of oil and water used in canned fish production are expected to be same however the price of fish is expected to raise 4% during the year. Objective The purpose of this marketing cream off is to launch Felivaru Lobster Bisque to Maldivian Market on the 40 Anniversary (7th November). BM/C/41/22 Page 10 MARKETING PRINCIPLES 10 Strategy 10. 1 Brief description about strategy INDIVIDUAL Lobster bisque is a creamy and smooth soup of French Origin. It contains Milk, Lobster, Wheat, and Clam. The product is designed in such a way that it only requires to be heated in high temperature for 3 minutes in microwave oven (time very on temperature and also can be heated in a normal preparation store). 0. 2 Target market The target market of Felivaru Lobster Bisque can be segmented to 4 main different segments Sea food lovers People who live a busy life People who proffers western life style Age between 15 to 45 However more than 95% of the population who fits to the above criteria lives in male. Therefore it could be concluded that the target market f or the product is male. 10. 3 Positioning statement Similar to all other Felivaru products the slogan would be GENUIN MALDIVES.Felivaru lobster bisque is the one and only fast food soap in the market and also the first product made from lobster in Maldives. Therefore the product will be marketed in such a way to get the loyalty of lobster lovers and soup lovers. Also a unique formula has been used to replace the wine in the soap designing it a way as a halal product. 10. 4 Branding Strategy The brand name for this product is Felivaru Lobster Bisque. As the Bisque is made by Felivaru from lobster the name Felivaru Lobster Bisque gives a simple and easy understanding of what the product is to its customers.The reason behind choosing an English name is almost all people in the target market would understand English and also by ever-changing the name of the product Felivaru do not want bring any difference to the dish name converting it in to Dhivehi. Correspondingly France is a growing market in Maldivian BM/C/41/22 Page 11 MARKETING PRINCIPLES 10. 5 Product Strategy tourism industry and the English name would attract them to this French origin soup and would help them to identify the product. INDIVIDUALFelivaru Lobster Bisque is a tonic and creamy soup of French origin re-designed by replacing the whine in it with a unique and secret formula to make the product Halal certified to 100% Muslim society of Maldives. The main advantage of Felivaru Lobster Bisque is its simple mindedness and fastness in preparing. Just a 3 minute heating in microwave and the bisque is ready to eat. The bisque is packed in a plastic cup which is 9 inch long and has a diam of 6 inch. The plastic cup is covered with a paper label which gives information about the bisque.In order to make it easy to distribute 24 cups are been packed in a box as a case. 10. 6 Pricing Strategy The price of Felivaru lobster bisque is set on per cup basis. Factors such as taxation, cost marketing and cost of production will be considered during the pricing of the product. The total price of a single cup of lobster bisque is MRF 20/- adding only 2% of profit margin as the pricing strategy set by Felivaru for the product is penetration pricing. This is due to the fact that the product is a totally new kind of product for Maldivian market.Due to the fact of law pricing strategy at the present Felivaru do not provide any discount, however when the market share is gained and price of product increases discount will be given to bulk buyers. 10. 7 Distribution Strategy The distribution strategy for Felivaru lobster bisque would be selective as the product is the one and only product of its kind in the market. The product would be placed in the areas where middle and high class people live. The distribution rout would be same as other Felivaru products discussed in 2. 3 shown in figure 2. 10. 8 Promotional strategy 10. . 1 Sponsorship The sponsorship one of the most popular shows among youth Voice of Maldives a song competition aired on TVM. It is expected to cost MRF 75000 to 100000. During the show of 1 hour 15 minutes is allocated to Felivaru as a main sponsor for BM/C/41/22 Page 12 MARKETING PRINCIPLES bisque voice of Maldives advertising the product. Also the name of the show would be rebranded to Felivaru lobster INDIVIDUAL 11 Conclusion During the 39 years in the market Felivaru has gained experience in production of products that suits the mouth of Maldivians.It is expected that Felivaru Lobster Bisque in the future goanna be a major product that generates a huge proportion of profit. Also with this experience Felivaru Plans to launch different flavors of bisque to the market. BM/C/41/22 Page 13 MARKETING PRINCIPLES 12 References INDIVIDUAL PA, 2011, Law of fishing in Maldives online easy at http//www. epa. gov. mv/images/stories/laws%20and%20Regulations/2011/Fisheries%20%20 Law%20. pdf EPA, 2011, Protected Marine life online usable at http//www. epa. gov. mv /images/stories/laws%20and%20Regulations/2011/Protected%20Mar ine%20Life. df Felivaru, 2010, Capacity and Infrastructure, online Available at http//www. felivaru. com/? page_id=35 Felivaru, 2010, Felivaru, online Available at http//www. felivaru. com/? page_id=14 Visahq, 2012, Maldives Customs, online Available at http//maldives. visahq. com/customs/ BM/C/41/22 Page 14 MARKETING PRINCIPLES 13 Appendix Appendix 1 (detail of products on Ras Ainu product line) Thera fana INDIVIDUAL Thera fana is a traditional sweet short eat, made for the special occasions. The product is made from rice flour, sugar, and adding colour to decorate.The rice flour is complicated with sugar and colour adding hot water in to it. After mixing it is separated in to very small portion and each turned in to a circular shape by using hand. After finishing this product will be sun dried to make it crunch. Rihaakuru (Fish paste) Rihaakuru is obtained through future(a) a simple but timeconsuming procedure. The extract is the result of hours of cooking of tuna in water (rain water most preferable) and salt (to taste), while carefully removing the scum (filleyo) that keeps forming.Once the tuna pieces are cooked and ready to eat or store, they will be removed from the water, as well as the bones, heads and fish guts. The pieces of Tuna, so cooked, get lastly processed into Maldives fish. The remaining fish-soup is left with Bondi(balls of tuna scraps scraped off the bones), and is kept boiling in low fire until most water evaporates. The resulting concentrated fish soup becomes a thick paste which is known in Dhivehi as Rihaakuru. The colour of the paste varies from light brown (the lighter the quality is high) to dark brown.

Bolman and Deal

Nur Aiysha Ghazali ENGM 264 Paper 1-Bolman & Deal Bolman and Deal discuss close to for haul ups structural, valet de chambre resource, semi policy-making and symbolic. for each hotshot frame has its own characteristics, where and how the situation is applied in organization. A leader or authority of companies some clips would apply these frames in their organization in consecrate to tackle their employees. However, I will only discuss about 3 frames that most gave the impact to me when I read this book. The first frame that is valuable is military personnel resources. The human resource frame talks about how organizations and people do to and for one another.Family is the suitable fiction for organization to describe the situation. The example given in the book was about three Nucor Corp electricians who flew and control to Arkansas and spent 24 hours to fix the failed electric grid. This example shows that they do not need their pigeonhole to tell them to go and fix it. As soon as they heard the bad news, they promptly caught a flight and arrived there even though it was already past midnight. That action deserves some compliments- if it happened to me, I would alternatively permit a good sleep first and then we will see tomorrow how we ar going to deal with that.The weird thing is, on what basis they made such a founder for their c whollyer-out? This is how the human resource frame applies. Their company invests in their employees workforce in order to state their success. The Nucor Corp pays big bonuses to their employees based on their output and companys success, thus to catch a flight to Arkansas is vindicatory a piece of cake, considering the big gain they would frig around. P beto Principle stated that 80% of the profit is made by 20% of the effective employees of an organization.What Nucor Corp did was to make the 20% effective employees take a breather to work for them and they will only stay if the work they did worth the bills they will get. However, not all(prenominal) companies behave just care Nucor does. The Company Men movie is a good example of how opposition they are from Nucor. The GTX authority chose to spend the money on new building and new executive offices preferably of their employees. They fired their employees, including Bobby (Ben Affleck) who has quite a position in the company. Business still is all that matters to them, not charity. The human resource frame was not applied in this movie.The human resource frame in a company applies when the authority shows appreciation towards their employee, not just giving them paycheck, precisely keeping their job to a fault shows gratitude from the company. The fired employees only have one of these skills business, administration or secretariat. Just imagine how they could survive in the real world competition and whats worse their age usually makes it bafflinger to apply for jobs where thousands of fresh graduates pot do the same thing. W atching this movie, I have realized that my decision to take Engineering care as a minor is a good decision.I may graduate with Mechanical Engineering degree, further who knows there might be conflict later in my life, and the minor would actually help me get a job again. If the company that I work with does not apply human resource frame, just like the GTX, it is not a bad idea to have a few(prenominal) different skills to survive in this concrete jungle. If I get fired in my forties, by then it should be okay to lead astray doing consulting job, as I have gained many cognizes from my previous work before. Backup plan is essential to keep polish up being a jobless.If someday I have the chance to have my own company, I would testify my best to apply human resource in the management, such as scholarship for the employees children in order to improve the mutual relationship between the authority and employees. The second frame is political frame. The political frame sees an or ganization as a jungle an arena of enduring differences, scarce resources, power negotiations and conflict. For example, theory in Cyert and March book stated that small firms operate with the guide of theentrepreneur, but larger corporation has larger responsibilities, hence they operate in another way.These larger firms are coalitions of individuals or groups, which may include managers, stockholders, workers, suppliers and so on. It is crucial to realize that the political frame does not attribute politics to individual selfishness or incompetence. just now it attributes it to the fundamental organizational properties of interdependence, enduring differences and scarcity. Bolman and Deal claimed that US space shuttles Columbia and Challenger were brought down by politics.A day before the launch, NASA and the Morton Thiokol Corporation, the contractor for the shuttles solid- fuel rocket motor made tinge conference and Thiokol engineers requested to superiors and NASA to delay the launch. However, Thiokols monopoly was under attack, and the corporations executives were not confident to put on the line their billion-dollar contract by firecelling shuttle flight operations long enough just to correct unnoticeable flaws in the booster joint design. NASAs schedule also was falling behind, and they needed money from the congress if the shuttle was delayed again.Hence, to avoid all the consequences, they still launched the shuttle and it exploded right a few minutes after the take-off. The example that I can see is when we watched the hastiness of Enron interview video, where one of the manageable reasons of the bankruptcy point to former president, George Bush. The Enron scandal, which has laid waste to thousands of employees life savings and revealed questionable ties to the Bush washrag House and members of sexual intercourse, spotlights a conflict of interest in government and shouts the need for campaign finance reform.While Congress battles over c ampaign finance reform, the political parties are actually raising more soft money contributions than ever before. Soft money allows unlimited contributions to political parties from corporations, labor unions and rich individuals to national, state and local political parties. As we can see here is that the political frame applies where some bargaining must have been done between Enron and political party in order to obtain power, if the accusation is unbent though. If not, the penurious Enron executives must have formed coalition and made some high-risk deals and manipulation to achieve their goals.On the surface, the downfall of Enroll in one night is due to the motives and greed attitudes behind decisions made by the executives. The company failed to report its financial affairs fully, followed by financial restatements disclosing billions of dollars of omitted liabilities and losses, leading to its collapse. It was the first time in account where a huge company like Enron can go down just in a blink of eyes, which people could have never imagined that could happen. Furthermore, strategic leaders can form coalitions with others, network informally, and do and bargain to achieve agreement on certain plans of action.Someday, if I will be a leader in an oil and gas company, even with a structure of advisors and officers, a budget and other resources, I may not be able to achieve as much success as I wish, despite having the legal power. Others are able to utilize other forms of power, including public opinion and political determine to achieve what they might want, which could be contrary to what I desire. For example, if I decide to build new mill to expand the company, the public would go mad saying how it would create air and noise pollution in their residences.But, the thing is the basis does not belong to the public. If the coalition can be made between the land owners and the authorities, then the project is possible despite the conflict arises fr om the public. Conflict would always arise if it is about political frame. If the conflict does not disturb the main goal of the coalition, then just let it be. The third excogitation is about symbolic frame. Stories and fairy tales are one of the organization symbols, for example how the leader of the company worked hard during his youth to be who he is today.Stories carry values and serve as powerful modes of communication and instruction. Furthermore, the stories got passed down from one generation to next one, and that distinguishes the company from other companies. There can be various stories though, where it can be about the employees loyalty or other values related to the company. Bolman and Deal uses the example of ex-chancellor of Vanderbilt University, which conjuration Wyatt told a very simple story that gave emphasis to the sacred side of teaching, one of the universitys philia values, in an unusually dramatic way.Also from what I have observed, Prof Jordan uses a lo t of his own experience to tell stories in class. One of the stories that he told in our class last year was about one of his friends friend, who was a billionaire, got bankrupt and he was already old that time, what was worse, his wife left him. He quoted There are three things you do not want to happen to you at the same time old, broke and alone. I still remember it until now because it happens to society nowadays and it is indeed very true. His stories are not comforting, but the reality really hits you big time if they are based on true stories.Just like what he did, effective organizations are full of good stories, and good stories stuck in your brain forever. another(prenominal) real life example I found in a movie is where it often happens in a divorced family. The mother would usually talk about how the jobless father always gets inebriated every night to the children, and eventually that leads to their divorce. The main point is not about how she bad-mouths her ex-husban d, but it is more liable(predicate) she is giving advice to his son to not be like that, or for the girl to not choose guys like that when she grows up.I can see the symbolic assumption in here what is most important is not what happens but what it means. This will be useful in my future because even though you have died, good stories about you stay. For instance, if I invent some technology to help people, the stories about how workaholic I was to serve the community, or how secondary I was would go around for ages. Just imagine how many people would be inspired by those stories and more updated and advanced technology would be continued by these people. The stories would be continued generation to generation, and that is one of the ways for long-term company development.The real life example for the statements would be the late Steve Jobs. As discussed above, all these frames are important in every aspects of life. Everyone would have to deal with these things since we all need to work in an organization after graduating. We have to know the skills to reframe the organizations where it fits in order to be an effective leader or manager. I think most successful companies applied these frames in their management to develop their company. It may seem insignificant, but Enron had its lesson, so it is not possible to happen to other organization.