LLB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

LLB - Assignment Example The author asks Kaplan why he believes that the Balanced Scorecard had become so entrenched in the business world and its internal process and matrix. To which Kaplan sites what he feels is the tremendous communication gap between those creating the strategy and vision of the company at the top, and those that are attempting to implement that strategy on the front lines and in the real world at the bottom, so to speak. Kaplan states that the Balanced Scorecard helps to bridge the gap between the vision of upper management and the implementation of that vision into strategy by the staff. When asked if this system is still useful today and not â€Å"passà ©Ã¢â‚¬  as others have said, Kaplan responds by stating that book sales are still high and the attendance at Balanced Scorecard conferences are growing. He also sites that many countries Asia are implementing the technique in their larger organizations and he has also seen a rise of its use in many non-profit companies both here and abroad. Kaplan also believes that many companies are still struggling with getting their strategies out into practical business practice and that these companies have failed to utilize most of the non-financial metrics in their business evaluations, leaving them in the dust as far as any progress is concerned. He is currently working on another concept called a Strategy Map, which will hopefully guide companies along the process of strategy implementation. Kaplan believes that the Balanced Scorecard will be a valuable business tool for many years to come and he would like to see much more research done in the area of creating excitement and greater participation by employees to help them with the task of strategy implementation. By giving employees proper motivation he believes that any strategy can succeed, and will certainly fail without

GLOBAL ECONOMIC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GLOBAL ECONOMIC - Essay Example Mark and Wolff address the expansion of the proletariat. The former states that the fall of an economic system would force workers to set up structures to facilitate self-government (Heilbroner 156). The latter attributes the recent financial meltdown to a failure in the global economic system. In addition, he reveals how the American working class has been able to grow as individuals from around the world seek opportunity and a better life in the United States of America. Moreover, the workers are finding a voice and leveraging their skills to negotiate for a fair settlement with their financial institutions. Marx looks at machines as instruments that increase production at the expense of human beings (Heilbroner 156). Although the adoption of labor saving practices such as the use of machines in factories increases efficiency while lowering the cost of production, it has a net negative effect on the economy. The move results in the loss of employment for employees. The loss of income means that the people have less purchasing power. The decrease in purchasing power leads to a reduction in economic activities as the demand for goods decreases. A decrease in demand would lead to a decrease in economic activities. For his part, Wolff embraces the argument that has been advanced by Marx. He notes that the increasing use of machines in factories has contributed to high unemployment rates in the country. Productivity in the world has often depended on the employees who work tirelessly to deliver on the objectives of the country. However, this valuable resource in economic activities can be undermined in some instances. Firstly, employees are the ones who lose their jobs when the organization fails to perform well or when the economy of the country must be Secondly, they are forced to compete with machines. Moreover, American employees have been forced to compete for work with the Chinese workers. In addition, the workers have been left

Economic History and Current India Essay Example for Free

Economic History and Current India Essay There have been recent studies of the entire history of the economy of india where it is possible to ananlyse where india stood its place in past and where it is currently held. Paul Birog made a thorough analysis of Asian countries GDP economic development of 1750-1918 where surprisingly the findings in 1700AD drawn economic statistics of world . China had 32. 8% GDP where as as india had 25% . UK at that time had 1. 8% GDP along with 1% GDP in USA. By the time of 1900 there was a total reversal of paradigm shift where US and UK had GDP growth of 41% whereas China and India suffered 1. 7% GDP overall. The western research shows that india was a economic giant . London economist Angus Madisson in 1990, one of the greatest british economist of all time was appointed by the OECD nations to verify Paul Birogs research along with different levels of assistances from different countries. Eventually in 2010 he published a 2000 year economy of India where it showed from 1AD India topped thed world with 34% GDP. Still in 1000AD it had 28% GDP. In the years 1500 and 1600 china overtakes india. Again in 1700 india overtakes china and finally the entire crash of the Indian economy began later in 1750’s where the british colonial overlords landed in the country and started looting the country and exploiting its resources. The OECD website refers in the â€Å"world economic history and millennium perspective† lists out all these information which have been quoted before. It is one of the most trusted and relied upon website to refer to the statistics of the world economies. Although the word society is absent completely in western society where Margaret Thatcher said in 1971, that there is nothing called as society. And today all the western accepts today is the alternate version of so called civil society. Now civil society is totally different from the traditional society where it can be suggested that it is a form of ‘anti society’. Civil society which is the current western trend is based on social contractual theory, which all the institution are based including out democratic government where each citizen is recognized as co-citizen in country rather than mutual brotherhood based society. For eg. In USA, in Philedelphia, a Son can file a case against his own father for divorce of relationship and can achieve his claim since there is no cultural society, it is a civil society where 2 people are viewed as co-citizens rather with any blood and brotherly relationship. The complete western understanding, their institutions, sociology, individualism, constitutional theory of west does not recognize normal basic human relationship. But whereas our Indian society has always been working entirely on human relations since the ages of time where india showed a huge economic superpower with traditional society. Today since Indian government which is puppying around the western ideology fail to realize that they are taking the economy of the nation into a huge catastrophy. In 1993, when Manmohan Singh was the finance minister invited jagadish bhagavati a neo economist from USA, who formed the entire Duncan WTO treaty for the situation crisis in india with its economic situation. He suggested that the problem with Indian people is that they are saving more than need which comes around 23%GDP,out of which 19 % GDP were only saved by Indians. His advise included to bring down the savings of the people by different means of taxations and other techniques to 9-10%. Out of which this 9 -10% should only be focused on food, shelter like basic needs and increase productions by employing more people and made a whole theory model on that. His theory on Indian situation stated that unless you destroy the family saving of the Indian people and bring it down to half of it, there was no chance of development. He also made a research on the Indian families that Indian woman played a vital role in taking hold of the savings of her family expenditures. So his ideas proposed to change the mentality of the reserved family woman to consumer based woman where she can be advertised to spend more of our money and change the family structure symmetrically in Indian society. In western society there is no propensity to save money assets, thus as a result many families are destroyed. Today 51% Americans are single parent family, out of which 41% children are born to unwed mothers, 20% born for school going children. 51% of the American people are dependent on government support on life insurance, health support etc. where as Indian people have always been dependent on society. Moreover the western economy is build on contractual interest based constitutional society which has led to time bomb ticking economy is USA and other European countries. Today the present scenario has changed the entire habitual thinking process of the people in India. They have a huge affiliated love towards the western society and its features less realizing the suicidal catastrophic and destructive features of its empire. The govt. in India always claim to be globalizing with the world but in reality, india is Americanizing by focusing only on American economic model. There are other traditional society based economies like Japan and germany wherr they instead of manipulating the crowd, they motivate their savings in their family and encourage only the financial institutions to put up money in trades of stock market. There is a huge commonality between the german or Japanese structure of economic history of rich cultural based society which our country could have adopted for the people but current democractic model is partially by the people but it has terribly failed to be for the people by inviting the civil society in our country. Indian economies,constitutions, institutions,sociology, philosophy, education etc all are based on the government economic blueprint of those same people who looted the country, colonized it and then destroyed the Indian GDP. CONCLUSION There are fraternity based economic models in this world with which we share commonality and our ideas should be to have a wider understanding of the world with whom we relate culturally and socially and only then our economic model can be aligned to them to achieve prosperity and serenity in our country.

Communication Satellites And Computer Networks

Communication Satellites And Computer Networks A communication satellite which is sometimes abbreviated to COMSAT is an artificial satellite to engage in space for the purpose of telecommunications. Modern communication satellites use different orbits including geostationary orbits, Molina orbits, other elliptical orbits and low earth orbits. They are also used for mobile applications such as communications to ships, vehicles, planes and hand held terminals and for TV and radio broadcasting, for which application of other technologies such as cable is impractical or impossible. HISTORY OF COMMUNICATION SATELLTES The first artificial satellite was the soviet sputnik 1, launched on October 4, 1957, and equipped with an onboard radio transmitter that worked on two frequencies, 20.005 and 40.002 MHz The first American satellite to relay communication was project score in 1958, which used a tape recorder to store and forward voice messages. It was used to send messages like greetings etc. After that NASA launched an Echo satellite in 1960. Telstar was the first active, direct relay communications satellite. SATELLITE COMMUNICATION IN COMPUTER NETWORKS. A multi-node, satellite communication system employing a modified broadcast system is disclosed for used with distributed computer networks. The system involves a plurality of network nodes (computer systems) each capable of transmitting to any other node at a single unique frequency, but capable of receiving from all other nodes simultaneously. Each node in the n-node network comprises a single transmitter with up to n-1 receivers, with each node capable of arbitrating a plurality of requests for transmission access. The invention encompasses a method for communicating digital information in a network of geographical distributed computers. GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES A satellite in a geostationary orbit appears to be in a fixed position to an earth-based observer. In 1945, Arthur C. Clarke describes a complete communication system that used manned geostationary satellites, including the orbits, solar panels, radio frequencies and launch procedures. But it was failed, because these satellites were impractical due to the impossibility of putting power-hungry, fragile, vacuum tube amplifiers into orbit. The first communication satellite, Telstar was launched in July 1962. Then communication Satellites have become a multibillion dollar business and the only aspect of outer space that has become highly portable. These high-flying satellites are called GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) satellites. Geostationary satellites space much closer than 2 degrees in the 360-degree equatorial plane, to avoid interference. With a space of 2 degrees, there can only be 360/2 =180 of these satellites in the sky at ones. However, each transponder can use multiple frequ encies and polarization to increase the available bandwidth. Modern satellite was weighing up 4000kg and consuming several kilowatts of electric power produced by the solar panels. ITU has allocated certain frequency bands to satellite users. The main bands are listed as C band was the first to be designated for commercial satellite traffic and the upper case one for uplink traffic. To allow traffic to go both ways at the same time, two channels is required, one going each way. These bands are overcrowded because they are also used by the common carriers for terrestrial microwave links. The L and S bands were added by international agreement in 2000. Band Downlink Uplink Bandwidth Problems L 1.5GHZ 1.6GHZ 15MHZ Low bandwidth; crowded S 1.9GHZ 2.2GHZ 70MHZ Low bandwidth; crowded C 4.0GHZ 6.0GHZ 500MHZ Terrestrial interference Ku 11GHZ 14GHZ 500MHZ Rain Ka 20GHZ 30GHZ 3500MHZ Rain, equipment cost The next highest band available to commercial telecommunication carriers is the Ku band. Bandwidth allocated in the Ka band for commercial traffic, but the equipment needed to use it is still expensive. A modern satellite has around 40 transponders, each with an 80-MHZ band width. The first geostationary satellites had a single beam that illuminated about 1/3 of the earthà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s surface called footprint. MEDIUM-EARTH ORBIT SATELLITES MEO (Medium-Earth Orbit) satellites tracked as move through the sky. These are lower than GEOs; they have smaller footprint on the ground and require less powerful transmitters to reach them. LOW-EARTH ORBIT LEO (LOW EARTH ORBIT) satellite due to their rapid motion, large numbers of them is needed for a complete system. In this section we will examine, two aimed at voice communication and one aimed at internet service. LEO earth satellites are less expensive to launch into orbit than geostationary satellites. A grou8p of satellites working in concert is a Satellite constellation. GLOBAL STAR An iridium alternative design is global star. It based on 48 LEO satellites. But it uses a different switching scheme than that of iridium. Global star uses a traditional bent-pipe design. The call originating at the North Pole is sent back to earth and picked up by the large ground station at Santaà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Workshop. The call is routed via a terrestrial network to the ground station nearest the cal lee and delivered by a bent-pipe connection. The advantage of global star scheme is that it puts much of the complexity on the ground, where it is easier to manage. MOLNIYA ORBIT The Molniya orbit is designed so that the satellite spends the great majority of its time over the far northern latitudes, during which its ground footprints moves only slightly. Its period is one half day, so that the satellite is available for operation for eight hours every second revolution. The Molniya satellites are typically used for telephony and TV services over Russia. HOW SATELLITE COMMUNICATION WORKS? The concept of satellite based network is to transmit and receive signal from ground stations. The purpose of satellite communication is to use it for video transmission and sharing. In simple words a satellite is a device which revolves around the earth either for collecting useful information or for helping transfer of information. HOW DO SATELLITES COMMUNICATE? Satellites communicate through a complex system of telemetry that connects and transmits signals between satellites and earth-bound stations. This system begins with telemetry, tracking and command (TTC) subsystem which tracks and directs signals. TTC produces signal that are directly commensurable to the quantity that is being measured, encoding and transmitting these signal to distant stations on earth. APPLICATIONS OF COMMUNICATION SATELLITES The applications of communication satellites are, Telephone Satellite Television Fixed Service Satellite Direct Broadcast satellites Satellite radio Mobile satellite technologies Amateur radio Satellite internet Military uses Navigation TELEPHONE The first application for communication satellites was in intercontinental long distance telephony. The public switched telephone network relays telephone calls from landline telephones to an earth station where they are transmitted to geostationary satellite. SATELLITE TELEVISION The satellite television is relatively few signals of large band width to many receivers being a more precise match for the capabilities of geosynchronous comsats. Two satellite types are used for North American Television and radio that are Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) and Fixed Service Satellite (FSS). DIRECT BROADCAST SATELLITE It is a communication satellite that transmits to small DBS satellite dishes. It is usually 18 to 24 inches or 45 to 60 cm in a diameter. SATELLITE RADIO A Satellite radio offers audio services in some countries, mostly in United States. Mobile services allow listeners to roam a continent, listening to the same audio programming anywhere. A Satellite radio or subscription radio(SR) is a digital radio signal that is broadcast by a communications satellite, which covers a much wider geographical range than terrestrial radio signals. MOBILE SATELLITE TECHNOLOGIES Initially available for broadcast to stationary TV receivers. Some manufactures have introduced special antennas for mobile reception of DBS television. Such mobile DBS antennas are used by jet-blue Airways for Direct TV, which passengers can view on board on LCD screens mounted in the seats. CONCLUSION Communication satellite has really paved way for many technologies to emerge and its advance in technology radically reduces the cost of deploying a satellite. Users of satellite systems will benefit from new service options and stability in terms current satellites and their replacement. It is very useful to economics of constructing and operating communication satellites. To conclude, I was really benefited by getting more knowledge by doing this assignment by researching on Communication satellite.

The Crime of Stalking Essay -- Crime Stalking Stalk Harassment Essays

The Crime of Stalking Stalking has been around since the beginning of time. Men and women alike have been accused of such a crime cause they either can't get it out of their head that the other person does not want to have anything to do with them, or they are just obsessed with a stranger. It is just recent that they United States Government have decided to make stalking a crime in it self. This type of crime was labeled as harassment, annoyance, or domestic violence. It wasn?t until the 80's and 90's that stalking cases were brought to the attention of the media and high political policy makers. I suppose that I should inform you as to the legal definition of stalking before I go any further with this paper. There really is no one definition, each state has the right to put down on paper their own definition of what they this is stalking. Most states will agree that stalking is a willful course of conduct involving repeated or continuing harassment or another individual that would cause a reasonable person to feel terrorized, intimidated, threatened, harassed, or molested, and that actually causes the victim to feel terrorized, frightened, intimidated, threatened, harassed, or molested. Basically this is saying that in order for there to be stalking, a person need to feel like their life is in danger, they are unable to lead a normal life cause of another person that won?t leave them alone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three main types of stalkers. The first one is the simple obsession type. This is probably the most common one consisting of 70 to 80 percent of all stalking cases. Most of these were brought on when a relationship of some type was terminated. This could have been a business relationship, neighbor, customer, dating or even a lover. These people are also seen as the most dangerous. In cases where the two people were dating or lovers, they become obsessed with getting the relationship back, not with the sexual aspect. This type of stalker has a low self-esteem and feels that their partner is the only positive thing in their life. They fear losing this person, for they become dependant on them for their support and sense of achievement. They literally feel that without this person being an active and positive part in their life that they are worthless. They do not realize that they are driving the person further from them, they think that they a... ...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Expecting police to solve your problem and hope it goes away 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Taking adequate privacy and safety precautions 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neglecting to enlist the support of family and friends. 10.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ignoring their emotional need before and after a stalking . This is only the top ten mistake that a victim makes. There are probably plenty others, and if a person feels like a they are a victim of stalking then they need to get some help.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, stalking is not something to be taken lightly. It is a serious crime that affects thousands of people each year. Recent laws are making it safer for the victim, but there is a lot more that needs to be done, and as long as there are men and women on this earth then there is going to be stalking. Works Cited 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Heavy Hands, by: Denise Gosslin. Prentice Hall 2000. Pp. 316-326 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  National Call for Law Enforcement Stalking Protocol, by: David Anderson (6 Mar. 2000) 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Top Ten Mistakes, by: Clairity Consulting. (6 Mar. 2000) http://www.stalkingvictims.com/mistakes.html 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stalker Definition, by: Zona. (6 Mar. 2000) http://onour.com/stalking/definiti.htm

Alice Walker’s Short Story Everyday Use Essay -- essays research paper

Alice Walker’s Short Story â€Å"Everyday Use† In Alice Walker’s short story â€Å"Everyday Use,† tells us a story of two daughters’, Dee and Maggie Johnson, with different ideas about their identities and values. Dee a young woman who, in the course of a visit to the rural home she thinks she has outgrown, attempts unsuccessfully to divert some fine old quilts ,earmarked for the dowry of a sister, into her own hands. Dee is Mrs. Johnson’s oldest daughter, the one who has always been determined, popular, and successful. Maggie is her young sister who was severely burned in the house fire as a child. She is still lives with her mother in poverty, putting â€Å"priceless† objects to â€Å"everyday use.† A similar view is expressed by Houston Baker and Charlotte Pierce-Baker, who writes, â€Å"A scarred and dull Maggie, who has been kept at home and confined to everyday offices, has but one reaction to the fiery and vivacious arrival of her sister.† Dee despises her sister, her mother and the church that helped to educate her. She is selfish, and walker focuses the reader’s growing dislike for the heroine in her indifference to Maggie, the pathetic sister she seems prepared to ignore in a kind of moral triage. Maggie represents the multitude of black women who must suffer while the occasional lucky â€Å"sister† escapes the ghetto. Mama conjectures that: Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, e...

In what ways does Shakespeare make the Banqueting scene dramatic? Essay

Through the drama of the play ‘Macbeth’, Shakespeare clearly wishes to examine the supernatural elements to illustrate guilt and consciousness caused by witchcraft and demonology. Thus, in examining these elements, Shakespeare’s dramatises Macbeth’s sociological affect on Duncan; to convey the importance of kingship and the consequences of particular choices. Firstly, Macbeth’s ideas of becoming king after receiving the prophecies from the witches had become very strong. Thus, His excitement prompted him to find out more from the witches ‘tell me more’ he asks them. Macbeth believed the knowledge given by them to be true. This curiosity suggests why he was so determined to become king. ‘My thought, whose murder is yet but fantastical’ Macbeth thought, the only way to become king was to kill Duncan. Furthermore, the king was God’s representative on earth and was chosen by god; hence, to kill the king would upset the natural order. Macbeth did not want to kill Duncan, but he wanted to fulfil his ambition of becoming king, therefore, the only way to do this was by killing Duncan. Although, the prophecies were given both to Macbeth and Banquo, Banquo did not believe the witches ‘†What! Can the Devil speak true?†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ However, Macbeth feared that the prophecy concerning Banquo would come true. Hence, this is why Macbeth arranged the killing of Banquo. Furthermore, the scene before the Banqueting scene shows Banquo being killed. This is followed by Macbeth’s happiness at being king. As a result, this would be dramatic for a modern audience, as Macbeth who arranged the killing appeared to have no conscience. Therefore, to show the scene of Banquo’s murder followed by Macbeth’s happiness would be dramatic for a modern audience. This is because; this would firstly, portray an evil appearance of Macbeth, and secondly, would convey how Macbeth is gentle hearted. The fact, that Macbeth was affected by the witches’ prophecies and reacted quickly to the situation: in terms of how his thoughts rapidly changed for the bad, determines how easily he can be influenced. Therefore, this is what led him to be responsible for murder plans as well as murders taking place; such as Duncan and Banquo’s death, and Fleance’s and Macduff’s family death plan. Moreover, at the beginning of the banquet, Macbeth appears to be confident in the way he speaks, ‘†You know your own degrees†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ addressing his guests to ‘†sit down†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ according to rank. At the moment, he is enjoying his position as king; his confidence in his speech suggests this. He knows Banquo will be killed and does not want Banquo alive, because of the prophecies. ‘†Tis better thee without, than he within†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. If Banquo was alive, Macbeth feared that Banquo could have had a chance to become king. For Macbeth knows Banquo’s death will make him secure as king. This hope kept Macbeth occupied up until the murderer entered the room. Sequentially, when Banquo’s murderer enters, Macbeth gets excited getting prepared to find out the good news of Banquo’s death. However, when Macbeth says ‘†There’s blood upon thy face†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ this suggests, this whole time Macbeth showed he was confident through his speech to his guests; what is really going through his mind is kept hidden. In fact, Macbeth was panicking all this time something could happen. ‘†There’s blood upon thy face†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ, indicates Macbeth’s fear as King and insecure feelings. The ‘†blood†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ could symbolise a deep fear, pain and anger Macbeth is experiencing. Shakespeare’s use of dramatic irony is very effective here, as he is trying to create sympathy for Macbeth and tries to put across a message. As we learn that Macbeth’s does not have a strong character, we find out he is easily led into things. His weak character guides him to mischief. Macbeth did not want to kill these people; however, his ambition to become king had grown. To kill those who were king, or who were to become king was the only solution. It seems he loses control, leading himself from one evil to another, and thus, he is lost in his own thoughts. He feels regretful, but cannot stop himself from evil, as it has just become a habit. Although, Macbeth committed few murders under his crown, he regretted and felt remorseful for his actions leading to murder, this is what makes him an interesting character. Once Macbeth finds out Banquo is killed, he becomes excited ‘†yet he’s good that did the like for Fleance†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ, wanting to know that Fleance is also killed. If Fleance was still alive then he would have a chance to become king. The prophecy concerning Banquo mentioned that Banquo will be ‘†lesser than Macbeth, and greater†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Banquo will not become king, but his son can become king. This suggests that Macbeth would become king. ‘†Not so happy, yet much happier†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Banquo will not be alive, but his son will live and will have chance to become king. As for Macbeth he will become king but will be not be the rightful and happy king. When Macbeth finds out Fleance is still alive he has a ‘fit’. The drama of the fit has been emphasised to convey a message. Macbeth thought if both the Father and son were killed he would have ‘else been perfect’. If both son and father were killed Macbeth would have been ‘Whole as a marble, founded as a rock, as broad and general as the casing air’. The use of similes helps to convey a better understanding of Macbeth’s anxieties, helping the audience understand how Macbeth would have been free and powerful as king. Now that Fleance is alive Macbeth feels ‘†cabin’d, cribb’d, confin’d†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ the use of assonance is again emphasised to convey Macbeth’s fears, his doubts and insecure feelings as king. Macbeth wants Fleance killed ‘†Get thee gone; tomorrow†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ as he fears if Fleance is still alive, then he will have chance to become king. In addition, Macbeth goes back to join his quests and mentions that Banquo is not present at the banquet. Then, he goes onto expressing how he feels that Banquo is not present, ‘†Who I may rather challenge for unkindness†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. No one at the banquet knows Macbeth is responsible for Banquo’s death; therefore, Macbeth takes advantage of this and blames Banquo for not being there, though, Macbeth is blameworthy. Although, Macbeth does this, inside he feels guilty for what he has done; his guilt is hidden from his guests. The dramatic irony is used, to explain Macbeth’s guilt. Macbeth cannot join his guests at the table, because ‘the table’s full’ at this moment Macbeth can see a figure sitting at his place. No one at the Banquet can see this figure accept for Macbeth. The dramatic irony is used here, to express how Macbeth was not the rightful king and instead Banquo was supposed to be king. Macbeth becomes fearful and worried ‘you canst not say, I did it’. Here Macbeth sees Banquo’s ghost, he feels really regretful for killing Banquo and feels frustrated. This frustration almost leads him to mentioning his guilt for killing Banquo. However, Lady Macbeth realises her husband’s short coming, and makes up a quick lie, to stop her husband for spitting out his guilt ‘†You shall offend him, and extend his passion†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. Lady Macbeth tells the guest to ‘†keep seat†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ, if not they the guest will prolong his suffering and emotion. Furthermore, Lady Macbeth thinks her husband has put himself at ‘†shame†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ, thinking this fear is from killing Duncan. ‘†This is the very painting of your fear†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ the use of metaphor makes it more dramatic, expressing how Macbeth has a sense of fear on his face. That fact, that no one knew Banquo appeared as ghost, makes things even more dramatic. As for a modern audience, they would understand how Macbeth feels regretful for killing Banquo. ‘†You look but on a stool†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Lady Macbeth thinks her husband is crazy, thinking why does he feel regretful for killing Duncan. To a modern and Jacobean audience this would indicate that Macbeth was not the rightful king. She does not know that Macbeth was responsible for Banquo’s death. As Macbeth looks at the stool, Lady Macbeth does not know why Macbeth is looking at it. The fact, that Banquo comes back as ghost, is an unnatural event. After killing Duncan, Macbeth first and foremost, disorders the natural order, and this is why he sees illusions such as the ‘dagger’, ‘Banquo as a ghost’. In addition, after Macbeth’s wife tries to calm him, Macbeth feels normal again and mentions something about Banquo ‘†Would he were here†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ says to his guests. Macbeth sees Banquo as ghost again and goes crazy. His attitude changes to become angry due to seeing Banquo. When Banquo appears this time, Macbeth expresses his inward feelings, thus, expressing it strong. He expresses it quite strong; because this is way he is feeling, distressed and pained. This feeling is so intense that Macbeth wants to ‘quit’ his sight. The use of exclamation marks expresses his anger and fear. Macbeth compares his feeling to his wife’s, expressing how his cheeks are ‘blanch’d with fear’, after all that he has done. As Lady Macbeth does not know Macbeth was responsible for Banquo’s death, he describes his wife cheeks as ‘natural ruby’ and his cheeks to be full of fear. This expresses how Macbeth feels remorseful for Killing Banquo. The Banquet ends with disorder. As the banquet ends with disorder Lady Macbeth takes control ‘†Stand not upon the order of your going†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. At the beginning of the scene, the guests were required to sit down according to rank, now they are told to leave not according to rank, but ‘all at once’. The drama is used to explain, how Macbeth did something which was against the rule of god and how he upset the natural order. This scene is emphasised to convey the message. The disorder of the banquet is used to express how Macbeth’s actions are leading him and Scotland towards disaster. To a modern audience this performance would have been expressed and portrayed well, and from it they would have understood the laws of the time. The performance of this scene would have been very exciting for a Jacobean audience; typically because it included themes related to witchcraft, demonology and the divine right of King which were based on the beliefs of the 17th century. The audience sitting to watch the performance would have been familiar and may have even believed in witchcraft. From this performance they would have realised the importance of kingship, and understand the consequences which would have led to killing a king. Moreover, to understand belief in witches was wrong, as this would have brought about harm. On the other hand, to a modern audience this play would have brought more or less realisation. As witchcraft is not widely believed today, this would make the audience come to understand why there is not much of it. Reasons such as war had led to discomfort, and sorrow around 17th century, hence, witchcraft was an alternative to happiness, and would have kept people occupied upon evil things. As the witches at the beginning of the play say ‘fair is foul, and foul is fair’ good is bad, and bad is good. Lady Macbeth’s order of leaving to the men was portrayed well. Shakespeare tries to explain how women did not have the right to command men, thus, this further reinforces the idea of disorder. The drama of this play is very effective, and thus, the disorder of play greatly reinforces the meaning of the play. Through, the use of dramatic irony, this first and foremost, warns the audience of the consequences which one could face in regards to killing a king. The message which is conveyed is the importance of kingship. In addition, by the use of drama this clearly portrays how killing of king leads to the disorder of the natural order; therefore, this is portrayed as a serious matter, thus, reinforcing the idea of how killing of king is very serious. Secondly, the disorder of play emphasises the point about how witchcraft can be a dangerous path to follow. By viewing the unnatural events, such as Banquo coming back as ghost, this portrays clearly how following the paths of witches can result in disaster and pain in ones life. The two main aspects in this play are the killing of king and witchcraft. The importance of kingship is greatly emphasised, as it is of great importance to both modern people and Jacobeans. The fact, that Shakespeare does not bring Macbeth back to sense, means the killing of king is wrong. It is used to emphasise the great importance of the position of king. James the I would have approved of this. At the time of the Jacobeans, the king was god’s representative on earth, to kill him would cause great disaster or disorder to the creation; hence, the position of kingship would affect society at large. For a modern society the understanding of killing the President or King would be very wrong and brutal. Shakespeare, explains and rages out how civilised it leaders are, it is evident that both the Jacobeans and the modernised society agree the importance of this, and I agree. Does anyone have the right to take the leader’s position away? If he sets legislations to keep you under safety, then think about the great disaster that would be brought about if someone killed him†¦