External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses Essay Example

External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses Essay IPhone 4 Analysis – External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses According to the department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Australia (2008), it has a democratic and stable political environment. â€Å"Its government and regulatory institutions are reliable, transparent, impartial and internationally competitive—providing investors with a safe and secure business framework.† The Australian government supports foreign investment, and in 2007, it was ranked first in Global Corporate Governance (Government of Australia, 2008) The government of Australia further says that its economic strength continues to be stable. In 1997-2007, there was economic growth of 3.5 percent, which was well above other developed countries. They say that their economy is service based, with the service-based industries accounting for 70% of gross value. This is ideal for a smart phone service company. The environment of Australia is very conducive and less pollution of air and water. It has great recreational facilities, cost of living and its stable political and social life are very appealing (Government of Australia, 2008). Australian Automobile Association (2008) says that cars are minimizing pollution. The social environment of Australia has a population of approximately 21 million people (Government of Australia, 2008). Australia is a multilingual country with people speaking another language different from English. It is also culturally diverse, and there is a highly skilled workforce in the country (Government of Austra lia, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on External environment including macro-environment and industry analyses specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the government of Australia, the country has a sophisticated information and communication s technology. â€Å"A powerful combination of world-class information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure and high-level technological adaptability across all Australian industry sectors provides an excellent environment for investment.† (Government of Australia, 2008), and is ranked as the fourth country in using the internet. Australia was said to perform well in communication technology in 2008 as said by Economist Intelligence Unit data, regarding its e-readiness and had a score of 8.83 out of 10, which is ideal for smart phone industry (Government of Australia, 2008). Key Success Factors (KSF) In the smart phone industry, technology, marketing, skill and capability, and distributions are key success areas that a firm would consider in the market. According to AppsCore (n.d.) in Australia, companies use smart phone to be at contact with the customers. The companies are aware that smart phone can help keep contacts with the busy customers who are more technology oriented. The smart phones are used by these companies to market their services since they have the applications necessary for online marketing and sales. This shows that smart phones with good applications will be preferred. According to Arghire (2009), in Australia, according to a research firm, data-centric handsets overtook voice-centric devices. This shows that technological devices are more preferred (Paul Budde Communication, 2011) Marketing, on the hand is the use of several ways of meeting the needs of a customer, which include advertising, sales, public relations, customer services and satisfaction McNamara (n.d.). According to Joy (2011), a superior marketing strategy is seen as a key factor that led to success of Android as a world leader in smart phone industry. She says that Google’s tools of marketing and advertising, which aimed at expanding the users of Android, were successful. Neil (2009) states, â€Å"Advertising has also started playing a more important role, apart from the information†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The skills and capabilities of a smart phone are essential in this industry. According to Henty (2008), the increasing development of communication technology is reciprocated by the growing demand for it. The growth demand for data information, hardware, software and networks dictates that innovations and accessibility to these services is important to the users who use them in varied ways Henty (2008). The Smartphone industry can only meet this by innovations that have these capabilities. According to Cronin (2011), the smart phone has a capability of making things easier. He says that they are used to do tasks such as paying bills. According to Trylor (2009), a smart phone is considered mobile business partner that allows you do be in touch with clients, and should contain important capabilities for business such as email and security. The ability of a smart phone to meet these capabilities is key factors in this industry. Customers consider this consideration before buying one (Mo bile Phone Lover, 2011). Distribution of these items is very necessary to reach the customers. Joy (2011) says that, â€Å"†¦all major U.S. mobile operators have launched their own mobile networks Android powered Smartphone. This provides convenient conditions for users to choose Android phones.† These operators distribute the smart phones to their customers, unlike Apple, who distribute their smart phones on their own. This gives android a market advantage since its devices are marketed by several mobile operator firms. Digital news of Hunt360, (n. d.), supports this idea. Driving Forces (DF) identified from Macro-environment analysis Driving forces that mould the industry are several and firms in this industry have to consider them critically. One of them is the advancing demand for internet (The Anniston, n.d). Recently, according to Henty (2008), internet and communication technology is growing rapidly, since its uses are diversified. She says that it is hard for people to do research without it. Since the smart phones contain good internet services, their demand is increasing. The Anniston also says that a mew generation that is connected and accessing money and employment demands is another driving force in the industry. Many youths, who are the great users of internet, are accessing money. This increases the demand for smart phones. Increasing globalization and competition, and a fast-paced work culture due to internet and need to be available is another driving force for this industry. The low prices of manufacturing and distribution of the smart phones, making them available and affordable drives the indus try. The Anniston also says that the increased cellular coverage across the globe is a driving factor, since it increases the demand for cellular phone devices. Porter’s Forces Threat of Rivalry Rivalry in the smart phone industry is high due to the five major competitors being strong (The Anniston) This is a threat. Threat of supplier power The suppliers of smart phone processors are said to be few making them strong.(The Anniston) This is a threat to the Smartphone industry. Threat of substitution It is very weak since smart phones exist as substitute for laptops and other cellular devices. It tends to incorporate all (The Anniston) This is a good opportunity for Smartphone industry. Threat of buyer power It is moderate since customers do not have much choice and can only switch between brands (The Anniston) This makes it an opportunity for profit in the industry. Threat of new entrants New entrant’s threat is moderate. New entrants can only use single element of value chain, which is easier. There is opportunity for continued growth profit since new entrants are moderate. From the porter’s model, the Smartphone industry is only affected by two factors, which are strong influence on it. The forces are less fierce and this makes the industry attractive for profit (The Anniston). This analysis is used to analyze markets using the five factors (Hill, C. and Jones, G. 2009). References AppsCore. n.d. Are You Being Left Behind?. Retrieved from http://www.appscore.com.au/ Arghire, I. (2009) Smartphone Market Sees 29% Increase in Australia. Retrieved from http://news.softpedia.com/news/Smartphone-Market-Sees-29-Increase-in-Australia-124186.shtmlAustralian Automobile Association. (2008). Technology and the Environment. Retrieved from http://www.aaa.asn.au/issues/technology.htmAustralian Government. (2008). Investing in Australia. Retrieved from http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/investing_in_australia.htmlCarter, C., Clegg, S., Kornberger, M., Schweitzer, J. (2011). Strategy: Theory and Practice. Teller Road, CA: SAGE Publications Ltd.Digital news of Hunt360. n. d. Ten Factors Cause Android Success into the World’s Largest Smart Phone. Retrieved from http://www.hunt360.org/2011/02/top-ten-success-factors-into-the-worlds-largest-android-smart-phone-platform/Grant, R. (2005). Contemporary strategy analysis. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Henty, M. (2008) Developing the Capability and Skills to Support eResearch. Retrieved from http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/iss ue55/henty/Hill, C. Jones, G. (2009). Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. Florence, KY: Cengage Learning.Joy, L. (2011). Top Ten Factors Cause Android Success into the World’s Largest Smart Phone Platform. Retrieved from http://www.sooperarticles.com/news-society-articles/technology-news-articles/top-ten-factors-cause-android-success-into-worlds-largest-smart-phone-platform-368446.htmlLukac, D. (2008). Key success factors for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): the case of FDI in western Balkan. Hamburg, Germany: Diplomica Verlag.McLoughlin, D. Aaker, D. (2010). Strategic Market Management: Global Perspectives. Marblehead, MA: John Wiley and Sons.McNamara, C. n. d. All About Marketing. Retrieved from http://managementhelp.org/mrktng/mrktng.htmMobile Phone Lover. (2011) 10 Key Factors Determine a Top Smart Phone. Retrieved from http://www.getgek.com/mobile-phone/10-key-factors-determine-a-top-smart-phone.htmlNeil. (2009). Part II: Smartphones War: Smartphone OS the differentiating factor. Retieved from http://www.4gwirelessjobs.com/articles/article-detail.php?Part-II-Smartphones-War-Smartphone-OS-the-differentiating-factorArid=MTA2Auid=Njk=Papadopoulos, S. (2009). Key Success Factors in Internet Advertising. Saarbrucken, Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing.Paul Budde Communication. (2011). Australia – Mobile Communications – Handset Market. Retrieved from http://www.budde.com.au/Research/Australia-Mobile-Communications-Handset-Market.htmlPorter, M. (2008). On Competition: The Harvard business review book series. Florence, KY: Harvard Business Press.Simon, H. (2009). Hidden champions of the twenty-first century: success strategies of unknown world market leaders. Boston, MA: Springer.Traylor, P. (2009).10 ways to turn your mobile phone into an efficient business tool. Retrieved from http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/10things/10-ways-to-turn-your-mobile-phone-into-an-efficient-business-tool/909

Biography of Pink Floyd Essay

Biography of Pink Floyd Essay Free Online Research Papers Music is a large field made of many types each having a character and a color. Through it, the audience is selected and the taste is acquired. Music genre differs and new styles get born. Few pioneers somewhat reached perfection and become a legend in the genre they play, such as Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, Led Zeppelin, and Pink Floyd. Pink Floyd took psychedelic rock to a next level and became icons in their field. They lead flourishing years in the early ’60s and stayed on track despite the various problems they went through. Here is a glimpse of Pink Floyd’s stages from the early ’60s till present time. Before Pink Floyd came to life Roger Waters formed few bands which all ended in a way or another. The recruit of Bob Close and Syd Barret, they changed their name into the Pink Floyd sound. Later that year, bob close left the band. After that, the band recorded their first album â€Å"The Piper at The Gates of Down.† They recorded their first album in the studio where the Beatles were recording, so the band got to know the Beatles very well. During their production to the first album, Syd’s addictions to LSD (better known as acid) lead him to write amazing songs but in the meantime, his performance deteriorated. The band decided to replace Syd with David Gilmour, an old friend of Roger and Syd. During the coming concerts, David was recruited to cover for Syd on stage. If Syd makes a mistake, David would fill the gap and fix it. But the situation was too messed up to be corrected in this way, so the band decided to pick him up; â€Å"he was institutionalized for drug a buse in 1974.† The band continued playing without Syd in 1968 and that was going great in England but not in America. At that time, the band toured with Jimi Hendrix which helped it to increase its popularity. At the end of 1968, the band played a concert in France; they also played a rock opera on stage called â€Å"The Man and The Journey.† At the end of 1969, Pink Floyd released a double album called â€Å"Ummagumma†, the first disk consisted of live tracks and the second consisted of solo studio tracks. In the early ’70s, they released their newer album â€Å"Atom Heart Mother.† Joy Boyd, Pink Floyd’s executive producer, made a compilation album in 1971 of both released and unreleased material from Pink Floyds past and called it â€Å"Relics.† In that time pink Floyd issued their new album â€Å"Meddle† with another peculiar song called â€Å"Echoes† which is 23 minutes long. In 1971, they were asked to do another soundtrack for a movie. After going to Rome to visit one of the two cities destroyed by â€Å" Moun Vesuvius† 2000 years ago, they filmed a private concert and played the best of their material. They issued a video called â€Å"live at Pompeii†, which also included the video recording behind the album of their new work. When Pink Floyd was making â€Å"Obscured by Clouds† they wrote a 45 minutes opus of songs that they played live. This opus was called â€Å"Eclipse† and it concentrated on the society and how it isolates, controls and demolishes life. The initial name for the opus was supposed to be â€Å"Dark Side of the Moon† but the British blues band medicine head released an album the previous year of the same name. So they let the name go until they heard that the medicine album collapsed on Billboard charts, so they refurbished the name â€Å"Dark Side of the Moon† and also wrote an ending song for the opus which was called â€Å"Eclipse.† After that, they twisted their oeuvre into an album in 1973 called â€Å"Dark Side of the Moon.† (It was the second highest selling record in history). To continue the success of the album â€Å"Dark Side of the Moon† Pink Floyd issued the album â€Å"Wish You Were Here.† The album was devoted to original lyricist and guitar player Syd Barret. During that tour, they wrote another opus, but it was mostly instrumental this oeuvre turned to be â€Å"Shine on You Crazy Diamond.† This song was split into two parts because it didn’t fit on the cassette. After the accomplishment of the album â€Å"Wish You Were Here†, the band waited a year and a half before releasing another album. This album was based on the aristocratic and socialist way of life in the world. Each type of person was loosely based on an animal. On July 6th, 1977, the band played their final performance of the tour of the album animals in Montreal, Quebec where one of the fans was screaming relentlessly and accomplishing his way up toward the stage, Roger spit out on him to show misadjustment. Roger felt creepy about this and run away to his hotel room and started writing new music, about how much he and the audience have shattered. At the end of 1978, the band met together to discuss new projects. After David and Rich had made solo albums, Roger Waters made two projects and only one of them was taken, that project was â€Å"The Wall.† This album was released in UK and US and in both places the fans loved it. Between feb26th, 1980 and September 1981, P ink Floyd played the wall in earth’s court in London two times, as if they played in Los Angeles, and four times in Fallen Halle in Dortmund Germany. Rick Wright left the band in 1982 where the band recruited new keyboard players for a new project called spare bricks. Roger had plans for the new album in November 1983 but because of the anxiety between each of the members, Roger dismissed the plans and changed the name of the album to â€Å"The Final Cut† which it probably would be if David and Nick left, but they didn’t. In 1984, the band separated, Rick Wright created a solo project with Dave Harris called â€Å"Zee-identity†, David Gilmour made a new solo album called â€Å"About Face†, and Roger Waters made â€Å"Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking.† In 1986, David Gilmour discussed with Mason about getting the band back together. This caused a major law outfit. Roger Waters prosecuted David and Nick for the rights of the music, and the band n ame itself. Roger didn’t achieve in that because everything was recorded under the name of Pink Floyd. â€Å"A Momentary Lapse of Reason† was an album made by Dave and Nick in 1986. Both Dave and Nick concreted a collection of musicians for the album, like Phil Manzenaral (Guitar), Richard Wright(Keyboard) and the twenty-three others. Pink Floyd started recording in 1993 for their new album â€Å"The Division Bell.† Richard Wright was finally back fully with the band. The band made a tour for six months, where they played twelve shows. Pink Floyd released a live album and video on their division bell tour. The band was successful once more. In 1969, the band was introduced into the Rock and Roll hall celebrity. Mason, Wright, and Gilmore performed â€Å"Wish You Were Here† with Billy Corgan of smashing pumpkins, and after that, the band didn’t make any concert, but Pink Floyd made a live album where they chose different recordings from different live shows with Roger Waters. Roger Waters toured in 1999 and 2000 and made a new live album called â₠¬Å"In the Flesh†. At the end of 2001, the band created a new compilation â€Å"Echoes† with Roger Waters and the producer James Gathery. This album had a great influence on the market. At last, we can’t but appreciate the band’s achievement and their major contribution to the improvement of music standards. Even though the band split at the end with prime disagreement but a reunion was organized in the â€Å"Live 8† in 2005 where they sang as a band. After 24 years of break up, Pink Floyd’s era finished, but they have left marks in the people’s lives. Research Papers on Biography of Pink FloydImpact of Breast CancerThe Story of Beatrix PotterHow did Humanity Begin?Puerto Rico: Music and Culture EssayAlbatross and Rimm of the Ancient MarinerQuebec and CanadaRacism and InjusticeThe Colour PurpleCritical Analysis of HamletThe Old Man and the Sea Essay

Design Management Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Design Management Research Report - Essay Example Mostly we focused on qualitative and quantitative research on our client company, and conducted competitor analysis to get a better understanding of the client company and the industry. Furthermore, we adopted Psychographic research about the company’s value, color theory, and competitor analysis to get insight into the problems of current company’s logo and strategies. In addition, we carried out case studies to find out how other companies successfully approached similar projects and how they obtained the best results. Project overview- According to the 2010 annual report of Invest Toronto, the logo is â€Å"The fresh, modern and energetic branding that will serve and invest as well as the story teller for our vibrant city.† However, we found that the logo has heavily focused on visualizing the city of the company rather than express the company’s values or objectives. A logo for a brand represents and distinguishes itself from others as an image, and th e right corporate identification makes it easier for the company to achieve its business objectives. The right consumer experience with a corporate identity helps them to choose the company when it comes down to a decision. Therefore, setting up a clear and positive corporate identity especially for a company in its earliest stages of development, such as Invest Toronto is very important. To achieve this, the company requires a corporate identity that reflects its value, ethics, future and principles, and one that gives a strong positive visual experience of the company. Since among the company’s objectives and roles is attracting foreign companies to Invest Toronto, the logo should be understood by people from different cultures and give a positive image to them as well. We also conducted research on the client company, and found that there was lack of consistency in terms of brand identity. The use of different background logo colors in different social media might confuse viewers and alleviate planting of a clear visual representation of company to its audiences. Thus, when creating a corporate identity, there should be a strong, clear branding system and marketing strategies that expose the company to the public more. Description of the client company Invest Toronto is the primary business, sales and marketing corporation for the City of Toronto and was organized by Toronto City Council in September 2008, Invest Toronto's initial Directors Board was confirmed by Toronto City Council on February 24, 2009. There are fifteen board of directors since the company is at the starting stages it has about thirty employees are under Renato Discenza the CEO and President of Invest Toronto. The city is the sole shareholder of Invest Toronto and the former has set up the business objectives for the company, which corresponded to its interests. Precedents/ case studies 1British Columbia Lottery Corporation: The rebranding of the British Columbia Lottery Corporati on in 2011 was one of the most recent successful rebranding measures similar to the rebranding of Invest Toronto, since British Colombia Lottery Corporation is closely connected to Provincial Government of British Colombia since its establishment. Considering the requirement of understanding gambling industry, the advertising agency, Cossette, had to look into the Government, media, and public review to fulfill the

Environmental Managent Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Managent - Annotated Bibliography Example mping them to the bottom of the ocean has been captured vividly on camera which provides proof of the project known as â€Å"The Next Stop Atlantic (Zolfagharifard, 2015).† The article discusses about different environmental management issue the first being recycling. Recycling is being encouraged in order to save the environment from harmful effects associated with wrongful disposal of the used products (Wehrmeyer, 2011). The other issue in discussion is that of prevention of pollution. Pollution and especially air pollution is known and documented to destroy the environment as well as the ozone layer (Uberoi, 2004). With the used subway cars being dumped in the floor of the ocean instead of burning them, then massive air pollution has been prevented. Lastly is the issue of saving aquatic life and providing them with a longer life span as well as a chance at reproduction. The ocean just like land is full of predatory animals and fish which hunt the fish species and eats them or live off eating their spawn once laid. There are not enough corals to hide all the aquatic life and hence the subway cars provide other artificial corals where the fish can hide and reproduce without danger (Hill & Gale, 2009). The project uses very minimal resources but the resultant environmental impact is very great and positively encouraged (Thomas, 2005). Literature on environmental management impact indicates that recycling is among one of the cheapest form of management. This is compared against the resources used to destroy the recycled materials (Ghosh, 2003). The increased campaign of this project not only in New York and US but the whole world in general should be encouraged. It is guaranteed to reduce the negative impact of pollution as well as ensure the used cars are properly disposed. According to Figueroa & De Chile (2008), environmental management is a very simple thing if only people start thinking outside the box. Once the human beings assist the marine life increase

Literature review summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Literature review summary - Assignment Example Using social media for work: Losing your time or improving your work?  Ioannis Leftheriotis and Michail N. Giannakos  2013  Computers in Human Behavior. To examine whether employees utilize social media for work purposes, what principles boost this usage, and if that utilization is linked with their performance. 1799 employees Feedback in the insurance industry was used to scrutinize the effect of social media on work.   Questioners was the method used   and the questioners were distributed in three ways: (a) Researchers visit the participants work place and give the questionnaire on printed paper. (b) Researchers send an email containing the questionnaire in an on-line form to participants from distant cities. (c)The IIS Institute holds two large conferences all over the country with people from the insurance industry; links to the online questionnaire are distributed to the conference attendees  Results confirmed that in the case of social media for work, employees make extended use of them no matter their age. We found also that both utilitarian and hedonic values influence employees to use more social media for their work, at least in the insurance sector. Last but not least, this study confirms that there is an important relation between the use of social media and the work performance  only a small number of possible motivations based on the literature or experts were exploredThe consumption of the social media has an impact on the ability of the employee. As such the use within an organization is crucial to the employer.

Analysis Of The Economic Outlook Of Singapore Economics Essay

Analysis Of The Economic Outlook Of Singapore Economics Essay Introduction The February Issue of the Wall Street Journal has provided an article on the economic outlook of Singapore. The article contains many economic facts and concepts, which could be analysed and discussed. These concepts are derived from theory and provided in the context of Singaporean economy. Economic The first point raised by the authors of the article was that the economy of Singapore experienced recession during 2009 and started recovering in 2010 (Holmes and Venkat, 2010). We remain optimistic about Singapores outlook in 2010 and continue to expect the economy to return to positive growth of 5.1% in 2010, although we reiterate this years recovery is likely to be gradual and uneven (Holmes and Venkat, 2010, p.1). The Singapore economy can be well explained by the economic theory of business cycles. In general the theory suggests that capitalist society is unstable. Economic growth will never continue steadily but will be developing cyclically. Business Cycle Figure 1: Gross Domestic Product of Singapore in $million The theory distinguishes four major types of business cycles which are classified under Kitchin cycles, Juglar cycles, Kuznets cycles and Kondratiev cycles. The economy of Singapore reached its trough in 2009 in Figure 1. All of them have different time spans. Kitchin cycles last from 3 to 5 years (Kitchin, 1923). Juglar business cycle would last from 7 to 11 years. Kuznets cycles would last from 15 to 25 years (Glasner and Cooley, 1997). The longest business cycle is the one described by Kondratiev and Stolper (1935). It is rather considered a technological wave that has a span from 45 to 60 years. The year 2010 started with the contraction or growth phase of the business cycle. The analysis of historical indicators of GDP would allow for identifying at least four business cycles that developed in the period from 1960 to 2010. From Figure 1 it can be observed that the recent economic recession in Singapore was a part of the classic Juglar cycle that lasted from 2000 to 2010. It had a span of a little over than ten years and had a long phase of expansion with rather a short period of slowdown. Prior to this, there was a short Kitchin cycle that lasted from 1998 to 2000. During these three years, the economy went through a trough, recovery, peak and another slowdown. Inflation Rate Figure 2: Annual Inflation Rate in Singapore It is valid to account for the price level and real GDP of the country for the estimation of the business cycle. Real GDP is the nominal GDP deflated by the rate of inflation. High inflation would overestimate the value of GDP and economic growth would be presented higher than it really is. The changes in the annual inflation rate of Singapore are presented in Figure 2. During the years 1998 and 2009 when the economy of Singapore was experiencing recessions, the inflation rate was lower than during the phase of expansion. This observation indicates that inflation is higher when the economy is growing because businesses firstly tend to increase prices and then the output when additional demand appears. During the phase of slowdown, the situation is the opposite. Inflation rates tend to go down and nominal GDP approaches the value of real GDP. Aggregate Demand and Supply The expected economic expansion in Singapore in 2010 can also be explained by the theory of aggregate demand and supply. Generally, when demand (AD) increases, the prices rise and this in turn stimulates producers to increase supply or output (AD). As a result both nominal and real GDP would grow continuously. Figure 3: Aggregate Demand and Supply Model During the recession consumer demand for goods and services was down and therefore both the price level represented by inflation rate was lower and the real GDP declined. In the period of expansion that started in Singapore in 2010 (Holmes and Venkat, 2010), both the inflation and real gross domestic product are expected to increase according to the law of supply and demand. As consumers start spending more money on durable and non-durable goods and services, businesses will increase the prices and start expanding production, which would lead to the growth of total output in both real and nominal terms. This is demonstrated by the supply and demand model in the Figure 3. Price Level and Unemployment Rate It is interesting to note that there is also a relationship between the price level in the country and the unemployment rate. When the inflation (A to B) increases in the country, unemployment rates will go down because inflation is thought to be associated with economic growth and expansion. This relationship is explained by the economic concept of Phillips curve. Figure 4: Long Run Phillips Curve In the long run, however, the Phillips curve will be a vertical line (C) established at the natural rate of unemployment shown in Figure 4. In the case of Singapore, the short term Phillips curve was a valid model to represent the relationship between inflation and unemployment. By July 2009 the unemployment rate reached its maximum while the inflation rate declined, thus supporting the economic concept of Phillips curve shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6. Figure 5: Singapore Unemployment Rate Figure 6: Inflation Rate by Month Interest Rates It is valid to note that aggregate demand was stimulated during the recession by the central banks monetary policy. Without monetary stimulus, it would take much longer for consumers to start spending again and gain confidence in the future. The central bank started lowering the base lending rate (Trading Economics, 2010), which represented the short term interest rates in the country, in order to make it easier for consumers to borrow so that they could start spending more. The dynamics of the short term interest rates in Singapore is shown in the Figure 7. Figure 7: Singapore Interest Rates It is valid to note that in the pre recession period the country had already had rather low interest rates that ranged around 3%. In 2008, the central bank started reducing the overnight lending rate until it reached nearly 0% by 2010 (Trading Economics, 2010; Figure 7). Money Demand The article in the Wall Street Journal states that the expectation of contraction in the Singaporean economy and the 5.1% annual growth are feasible because the central bank does not plan to reduce the overnight lending rate too soon. As a result, there will be stimulus for borrowing, consumer spending and investing. Figure 8: Interest Rate Vs Money Supply The economic theory suggests that there is a direct relationship between the money supply and interest rates as shown in Figure 8. In fact, the interest rates are the price of money or the cost of money. When the cost increases, the demand for money will decrease. Similarly, when interest rates rise (I* to I**), the demand for money will fall. Both the consumers and businesses (S) will start borrowing less (Sloman, 2006). Keynesian View However, different school of economic thought offer different concepts on what would be an effective measure to stimulate the economy. For example, the Keynesian economic school argues that during the period of recession, it is essential to stimulate aggregate demand (AD). This has been seen in the case of Singapore when the central bank started stimulating aggregate demand by loose monetary policy in 2008 2010 (Trading Economics, 2010; Holmes and Venkat, 2010). Figure 9: Keynesian AS/AS Model The Keynesian view is that aggregate demand, if stimulated by monetary and fiscal policy, would eventually lead to the growth of the total output and aggregate supply. However, the neo classical school of economics offers a different solution. The neo economy states that the government should rather stimulate and tackle aggregate supply (Yte to Yrec) rather than demand. One of the measures that this school of economics proposes is to increase the money supply at a constant rate. The expansion of money supply is used to stimulate aggregate supply and economic expansion, thus reducing the volatility of the economy. The governments of developed countries in the European Union and the United States, however, continue to adhere to Keynesian measures of stimulating the economy and fighting recession. This has also been found in the case of Singapore (Holmes and Venkat, 2010). Since the recession had lasted only about a year in Singapore until the contraction and expansion started, Keynesian measures of stimulating the economic growth can be assessed as effective in spite of the criticism from the neo classical economic school. Conclusion It is valid to summarise the main arguments of the discussion of economic concepts in the context of Singapore that were based on the article in the February Issue of the Wall Street Journal. This article defended the position that the economy of Singapore will expand and achieve an impressive growth of up to 5.1% in 2010. This expectation has been discussed in the light of the economic theories of business cycles, the model of aggregate demand and supply and the theory of monetary policy and relationship between the interest rates, money supply and total output. From the standpoints of the theories and the fact that the central bank of Singapore does not plan to change its loose monetary policy, the economic expansion and growth of 5.1% are feasible and can be achieved.

Edgar Allen Poe for Biography :: essays research papers fc

Edgar Allen Poe for Biography   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edgar Allen Poe was born on January 19, 1809, in Boston, Massachusetts. Around this time was the Louisiana Purchase and the ending of importation of slaves. His parents were traveling actors but at a very early age his father deserted his family and his mother died in 1811. So Poe became a ward of John Allen who was a wealthy Richmond merchant. The Allan family lived in the United Kingdom from 1815 to 1820 before returning to Richmond. Poe and Allen’s relationship suffered tremendously making Poe having to make some hard decisions for his future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After they returned to Richmond, Poe attended the University of Virginia in 1926. Soon after he acquired gambling debts that John Allen refused to pay leading Poe to withdraw from the University. When in 1927 he was enlisted into the Military his first book was published. The title was â€Å"Tamerlane and Other Poems†. Poe published his second volume of poems, both collections show influence from Lord Byron. In 1830, Poe entered the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, where he excelled in the study of languages. He received help from American novelist John P. Kennedy in winning an editorial post with the Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond. For the Messenger, Poe contributed reviews, original or revised poems and stories, and two installments of The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym. Poe worked as an editor and contributor to magazines in several cities, including Richmond, Virginia; New York City; and Philadelphia. He unsuccessfully tried to fo und and edit his own magazine, which would have granted him financial security and artistic control in what he considered a hostile literary marketplace. But Poe's later rediscovery by the French poets Charles Baudelaire, Stephane Mallarme, and Paul Valery helped restore his reputation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poe married in his thirteen year old cousin in 1936, Virginia Clemm. When Virginia died in 1947, Poe then sank into poor health and his literary productivity declined. In 1849, Poe became engaged to marry the widowed Sarah Elmira Royster Shelton, his boyhood sweetheart.